【英语】2019届二轮复习动词考点总结(3页word版)

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【英语】2019届二轮复习动词考点总结(3页word版)

‎2019届二轮复习动词考点总结 ‎       动词是英语高考中最主要的考点,完形填空约有10个左右的选项,涉及动词、动词短语。语法填空约有一半需考查动词,包含时态、语态、动词单三、情态动词、助动词、非谓语动词、动词词性转换等的考查,短文改错也会约有4-5个的设题。‎ 一、核心内容 动词学习的最核心内容是要弄清楚该动词是及物还是不及物。如果及物不及物不清楚,直接影响动词的语态问题、现在分词和过去分词问题、介词副词问题、宾语问题、定语从句的引导词问题等。请改正以下句中用得不恰当的动词:‎ ‎① The old man was seating in the sofa, reading a newspaper.‎ ‎② The students are listening the teacher very carefully.‎ ‎③ I bought a nice pen yesterday, but I left in the market when I was buying some vegetables.‎ ‎④ I will never forget the days when I spent with my dear classmates in the junior middle school.‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎① seating改为seated。seat是及物动词,其后没有宾语,则应使用被动语态,此处表示“正坐在沙发中”的状态。‎ ‎② listening后加to。listen是不及物动词,当后面需接宾语时,必须加上to才能变做及物动词。‎ ‎③ left后加上it。leave是及物动词,此处表示“把钢笔落在市场里”,后面应加上it,代指the pen。‎ ‎④ when改为that或which。定语从句中的spent是及物动词,表示“度过”。后面应有宾语,故应使用关系代词that或which引导。‎ 二、高考试题中的动词考查 ‎1.语法填空中动词的考查 ‎1)语法填空中考查动词一定会提示动词,在这种情况下,首先注意该动词是否做谓语。‎ 如果做谓语,就应考虑时态、语态、动词单三等。时态主要看:‎ ‎(1)句中的时间状语。每一种时态都有相关的时态标志词,如一般现在时会跟表示时间频率的词连用,如always,frequently, every day等;一般过去时与表示过去具体的时间状语连用,如in 2006,last year,in the morning,on Monday morning以及in the past,just now,when I was in the junior high school等;现在完成时会有already, yet, so far, up till now, since..., for..., twice,等;过去完成时、过去将来时一定有另一表示过去的时间点作为参照物进行比较。‎ ‎①She told me she ___________ (graduate) from college in 2003.‎ ‎②Jenny, who is now a secretary in an office, once ___________(work) as a teacher for five years.‎ ‎③Her brother watched the movie while she ___________ (wash) the clothes.‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎①graduated。句中出现了表示过去的具体时间的状语in 2003,因此尽管毕业发生在告诉之前,也只能使用一般过去时。‎ ‎②worked。句中虽然有表示“段时间”的for five years,但Jenny现在已不是教师,故当教师只是发生在过去某时的事情,与现在没有关系,应使用一般过去时。‎ ‎③was washing。看电视是发生在她正洗衣服的过程中,故此处使用过去进行时,且while引导的从句中,其谓语动词必须是延续性的,使用过去进行时非常贴切。‎ ‎(2)句中的其他动词时态 复合句或并列结构应考虑动词形式,尤其是时态需保持一致,应注意几个动词之间的逻辑关系、前后顺序等。‎ ‎①She asked me whether I ___________ (make) a phone call to my parents.‎ ‎②He told me he ___________ (read) a book at eight the day before yesterday.‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎①had made/would make。由于该句语境不足,打电话的时间既可能已发生,也可能没发生,故过去完成时和过去将来时都对。‎ ‎②was reading。虽然句中出现了the day before yesterday前天,但因为at eight是一个时间点,此处只能使用过去进行时,表示在前天八点钟正在读书。 ‎ ‎(3)上下文暗示 语态主要看动词与其主语或宾语之间的关系,是施动者还是承受者。‎ ‎①The radio  ___________ (broadcast) every noon.‎ ‎②The song ___________ (sing) in both English and Chinese.‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎①broadcast。电台广播是一种主动关系,应使用主动语态,且The radio是单数第三人称,谓语动词应使用单三形式。‎ ‎②is sung。歌曲只能是被人演唱的,应使用被动语态,The song是单数第三人称,故谓语动词为is sung。‎ ‎2)如果动词不是做谓语有以下可能:做定语、状语、主语、宾语、表语、宾补等,不管是那种形式,都肯定是非谓语动词形式,则应根据语态、状态、性质等现在现在分词或过去分词,如果是目的状语则选择不定式,若做名词性质的成分则使用动名词形式。‎ ‎①At that time the English  ___________ (speak) was different from what we speak today.‎ ‎②The work seems ___________ (challenge), but I still feel ___________  (encourage) to do it.‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎①spoken。句中的was different是谓语,此处应为定语,表示“当时人们讲的英语” 。故使用过去分词spoken。‎ ‎②challenging,challenged。第一空是指这项工作具有挑战性,表示主语的性质,应使用-ing形式;第二空表示感到有难度,是一种情绪状态,应使用过去分词表示心理状态。‎ ‎3)不做谓语还有一种情况,即词性转化,一般是将动词变为名词。‎ ‎①With the  ___________ (develop) of economy, China is becoming stronger and stronger.‎ ‎②We must stick to the mission to fight with ___________  (pollute) to the end.‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎①development。空格前有冠词the,说明概括必须是名词,develop的名词形式是development。‎ ‎②pollution。fight with是及物动词短语,后面应接名词形式做其宾语,故应使用pollution。‎ ‎2. 短文改错中的动词考查 在短文改错中,动词考查一般涉及时态、语态、单三、非谓语动词、动词词性转换、拼写等。如:(2015年全国卷II)‎ ‎      One day, little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent. It was very crowded. Tony saw a toy on a shop window. He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop. After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing. Tony was scared and begun to cry. A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside a shop. Five minutes later. Tony saw parents. Mom said,” How nice to see you again! Dad and I were terrible worried.” Tony promised her that this would never happen again.‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎1. parent改为parents。看下文可知,是父母两个,所以用parents。‎ ‎2. on改为in。Tony走进商店,说明玩具在橱窗里面,用in。‎ ‎3. very去掉。这里是“如此喜欢以至于”的意思,应该是:like so much that….‎ ‎4. looks改为looking。after之后跟从句或v-ing形式,故looks改为looking 。 ‎ ‎5. where改为that或者去掉where。found后面的宾语从句是陈述句,故where改为that或者去掉where。‎ ‎6. begun改为began。and前后的谓语动词时态要一致,故begun改为began。‎ ‎7. telling改为told。and前后的谓语动词时态要一致,see和tell是并列谓语,故telling改为told。‎ ‎8. a改为the。由上下文可知,此处shop是第二次出现,应该用定冠词,故a改为the。‎ ‎9. saw后加his。由上下文可知,他看到的是他的父母,故 saw后加his。‎ ‎10. terrible改为terribly。修饰形容词worried要用副词,故 terrible改为terribly
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