2019版高考英语一轮复习：第二周+星期二　阅读理解（科普知识类+健康环保类）+七选五+语法填空

2019版高考英语一轮复习：第二周+星期二　阅读理解（科普知识类+健康环保类）+七选五+语法填空

Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎(2018·广东深圳新安中学期中)‎ Selfdriving vehicles will rely on cameras，sensors and artificial intelligence(AI) to recognize and respond to road and traffic conditions，but sensing is the most effective for objects and movement in the neighborhood of the vehicle.Not everything important in a car’s environment will be caught by the vehicle’s camera.Another vehicle approaching at high speed on a collision(碰撞)track might not be visible until it’s too late.This is why vehicletovehicle communication is undergoing rapid development.Our research shows that cars will need to be able to chat and cooperate on the road，although the technical challenges are considerable.‎ Applications for vehicletovehicle communication range from vehicles driving together in a row，to safety messages about nearby emergency vehicles.Vehicles could alert each other to avoid collisions or share notices about passersby and bicycles.‎ From as far as several hundred metres away，vehicles could exchange messages with one another or receive information from roadside units (RSUs) about nearby incidents or dangerous road conditions through 4G network.A high level of AI seems required for such vehicles，not only to selfdrive from A to B，but also to react intelligently to messages received.Vehicles will need to plan，reason，strategize and adapt in the light of information received in real time and to carry out cooperative behaviours.For example，a group of autonomous vehicles might avoid a route together because of potential risks，or a vehicle could decide to drop someone off earlier due to messages received，a foreseen crowding ahead.‎ Further applications of vehicletovehicle communication are still being researched，including how to perform cooperative behaviour.‎ ‎1．What is the first paragraph mainly about?‎ A．The reasons for the accidents by selfdriving vehicles.‎ B．The research about applications for selfdriving vehicles.‎ C．The importance of artificial intelligence of selfdriving vehicles.‎ D．The reasons for developing communication between selfdriving vehicles.‎ ‎2．What does the underlined word “alert” mean in Paragraph 2?‎ A．Alarm. B．Condemn. C．Ignore. D．Govern.‎ ‎3．What can we learn about roadside units (RSUs)?‎ A．They classify the vehicles on the road.‎ B．They can improve bad road conditions.‎ C．They take over the passing vehicles.‎ D．They serve as efficient information stations.‎ ‎4．What is the best title for the text?‎ A．When Do Vehicles Communicate?‎ B．The Reasons Why a High Level of AI Is Important C．Vehicletovehicle Communication Is Coming D．What Do Applications for Vehicletovehicle Communication Need?‎ B ‎(2018·陕西宝鸡中学一调)‎ The Crowne Plaza Hotel in Copenhagen is offering a free meal to any guest who is able to produce electricity for the hotel on an exercise bike linked to a generator(发电机)．The idea is to get people fit and reduce their carbon footprint.Guests will have to produce at least 10 watt hours of electricity — roughly 15 minutes of cycling for someone of average fitness.Guests staying at Plaza Hotel will be given meal tickets worth 36 once they have produced 10 watt hours of electricity.The bicycles will have smart phones attached to the handlebars measuring how much power is being generated for the hotel.‎ The plan，a worldfirst，will start on 19 April and run for a year.Only guests staying at the hotel will be able to take part.Frederikke Toemmergaard，hotel spokeswoman，said，“Many of our visitors are business people who enjoy going to the gym.There might be people who will cycle just to get a free meal，but generally I don’t think people will take advantage of our programme.”‎ Copenhagen has a longstanding cycling tradition and 36% of locals cycle to work each day，one of the highest percentages in the world，according to the website visitcopenhagen.dk.US environmental website treehugger.com recently voted Copenhagen the world’s best city for cyclists.“Because Copenhagen is strongly connected with cycling，we felt the bicycle would work well as a symbol of the hotel’s green profile(形象)．”‎ If successful，the electric bicycle meal programme will be spread to all Crowne Plaza hotels in the UK，the hotel said in a statement.‎ ‎5．What is the main purpose of the free meal programme?‎ A．To promote the hotel’s green concept.‎ B．To make the city known to the world.‎ C．To attract people to the hotel restaurant.‎ D．To get guests to stay longer at the hotel.‎ ‎6．How can a participant get a free meal?‎ A．By becoming a professional cyclist.‎ B．By cycling to produce some electricity.‎ C．By linking a smart phone to a bicycle.‎ D．By monitoring his or her carbon footprint.‎ ‎7．Who are most likely to enter for the programme?‎ A．The poor local people.‎ B．The environment activists.‎ C．Healthconscious hotel guests.‎ D．Visitors fond of Copenhagen food.‎ ‎8．According to Paragraph 3，Copenhagen has one of the world’s .‎ A．best chain hotels B．greenest natural environments C．longest bike paths D．highest rates of people cycling to work Ⅱ.七选五 If you don’t have a travelfriendly DVD player，or you want your vacation to be spent away from the screen—bring along these games and ideas for young kids.‎ ‎ 9 ‎ Give the kids a map and a highlighter，and have them follow the route you take.If you want to get a little fancier than a sketch book and colouring pencils，then a laptop coloring desk is a great way for kids to keep occupied and make postcards to send to friends and family.‎ Try a game ‎20 questions：You think of a person or object，and your opponent(s) asks you 20 yesorno questions to try to figure out who or what you’re thinking of.‎ The memory game：“I’m going to the World’s Fair and in my suitcase I packed...” 10 .Beginning with A，the first letter of each new item must start with the next letter of the alphabet.‎ Back seat bingo：Before you leave，draw up a grid (格子) for each passenger filling each of the squares with a different sight to cross off. 11 .‎ Pack plenty of snacks Try to vary the snacks between healthy，filling choices and less healthy treats. 12 .Sweet snacks provide all important bargaining tools to prevent back seat fights and constant “Are we there yet？”．‎ You could even try to involve the children in making the snacks beforehand，especially if you’re baking.Being involved in the creation will make them even more interested in the snacks during the car journey.‎ Choose a family friendly audiobook Pack a selection of audiobooks to entertain the whole family through the journey.If you’re on a long trip，opt for Harry Potter so you’ll never run out of story.‎ ‎ 13 ‎ Kids imitate the noises they hear in places such as home，street，farm，or zoo.After 20 minutes of that，you may want to try the quiet contest—whoever can be the quietest and the longest wins a prize.‎ If you’re very lucky after this game，you could just have some sleeping children on your hands.‎ A．Avoid loud noise B．Hold a sound contest C．But some healthy treats are enough D．Bring along plenty of writing materials E．Players take turns adding a new item to the list F．You could even add the motivation for a prize for the winner G．Try to pack enough that you can disperse(分散) them throughout the journey Ⅲ.语法填空 ‎(2018·安师大附中安庆一中阶段性测试)‎ For many years，I 14. (convince) that my suffering was due to my size.I believed that when the weight disappeared，it would take old wounds，hurts and rejections with it.‎ Many weightconscious people also mistakenly believe that 15. (change) our bodies will fix everything.Perhaps our worst mistake is believing being thin equals being loved.We dream about 16. it will be like when we reach the longawaited goal.We make every effort 17. (realize) this dream.Then，at last，we find ourselves there.But we often gain back what we have lost.Even so，we continue to believe that next time it will be different.Next time，being thin will finally fulfill its promise of everlasting 18. (happy)，selfworth，and，of course，love.‎ It took me 19. long while to know that there was something more for me to learn about beauty.Beauty standards vary 20. culture to culture.In Samoa a woman is not considered to be attractive unless she weighs more than 200 pounds.More 21. (important)，if it’s joy that we want，why put our energy on the size of our body？Why not look inside？We have to find a way to live comfortably inside our body and make friends with others 22. cherish ourselves.When we change our attitudes toward 23. (we)，the whole world ‎ changes.‎ 答案精析 Ⅰ.‎ ‎1．D　[段落大意题。根据第一段最后两句可知第一段讲的是：发展自驾车车际通信的原因。故选D。]‎ ‎2．A　[词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“to avoid collisions or share notices about passersby and bicycles”避免碰撞或分享有关行人和车辆的通知可知，此处指车辆之间可以互相提醒。由此可知画线词的意思是“提醒，使……警觉”，故选A。]‎ ‎3．D　[推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“From as far as several hundred metres away，vehicles could exchange messages with one another or receive information from roadside units(RSUs) about nearby incidents or dangerous road conditions through 4G network.”可知，它们充当有效的信息站。故选D。]‎ ‎4．C　[标题归纳题。根据最后一段可知车际通信即将来临。故选C。]‎ 语篇解读　本文讲述了哥本哈根一家宾馆推出了一项骑自行车发电免餐计划。这项计划是为了增进人们的健康，宣传环保理念，如果成功，将会推广到英国所有的Crowne Plaza宾馆。‎ ‎5．A　[细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“The idea is to get people fit and reduce their carbon footprint.”可知，这个项目旨在让人们保持健康，并减少碳的排放量，即宣传酒店的绿色理念。故选A。]‎ ‎6．B　[细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“The Crowne Plaza Hotel in Copenhagen is offering a free meal to any guest who is able to produce electricity for the hotel on an exercise bike linked to a generator(发电机)．”可知，通过骑自行车为宾馆产生一些电能的人才能得到免费的一餐。故选B。]‎ ‎7．C　[细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Only guests staying at the hotel will be able to take part.”可知，只有住在酒店的客人才能参加这项活动。故选C。]‎ ‎8．D　[细节理解题。根据第三段第一句中的“Copenhagen has a longstanding cycling tradition and 36% of locals cycle to work each day，one of the highest percentages in the world”可知，哥本哈根是世界上骑车上班比例最高的城市之一，故选D。]‎ Ⅱ.‎ ‎9．D　[根据本段小标题后的内容“Give the kids a map and a highlighter”和“make postcards to send to friends and family”可知，这是要写东西及制作明信片，由此可推断是带着用于书写的材料。故选D。]‎ ‎10．E　[根据本段开头“the memory game”和后文“Beginning with A，the first letter of each new item must start with the next letter of the alphabet”可知E项“玩家轮流添加一个新的项目到列表中”能串联上下文。故选E。]‎ ‎11．F　[本空前主要讲述另一种游戏“Back seat bingo”，以上的三种游戏结束后，根据常识可知要判断出谁是获胜者，最好给获胜者一些奖励。因此F项符合语境。]‎ ‎12．G　[根据小标题“Pack plenty of snacks”和下文可知，甜点可阻止孩子之间的争斗及不耐烦的询问，也就是说旅行中尽量带足够多的零食分散孩子们的注意力。故选G。]‎ ‎13．B　[根据本空后的内容“孩子们模仿他们在家里、街上、农场或动物园里听到的声音。20分钟后，你可能想尝试安静的比赛，最安静并能保持安静的时间最长者得奖”可知，本段主要是进行有关声音的比赛。故B项符合题意。]‎ Ⅲ.14.was convinced　15.changing　16.what　17.to realize ‎18．happiness　19.a　20.from　21.importantly　22.and ‎23．Ourselves