2018年中考英语总复习易错知识点专题十四简单句专项训练含解析

2018年中考英语总复习易错知识点专题十四简单句专项训练含解析

专题十四 简单句 易错清单 一、 陈述句的否定结构 ‎1. 含有have的否定句 ‎(1) have当“拥有,所有”讲时,其否定形式有两种。如:‎ I have an e-dictionary. 我有一个电子词典。‎ 可改为:I don't have an e-dictionary. (√)‎ I have not an e-dictionary. (√)‎ ‎(2) have作“吃、喝、玩、度过”讲时,其否定形式借助于助动词do。如:‎ I had milk for breakfast this morning. (变否定句) →I didn't have milk for breakfast this morning. ‎ ‎(3) have为助动词时,其否定形式为haven't。如:‎ I have visited Diaoyu Island. (变否定句) →I haven't visited Diaoyu Island. ‎ ‎2. 注意以下几种情况:‎ ‎(1)含有all, both, each, every, both...and...等的肯定句加not变为否定句后,只表示部分否定;若表示全部否定,则需分别用no, no one, nobody, none, neither, neither...nor...等词替换上述词。如:‎ Both Mary and Joan are students ‎→Neither Mary nor Joan is a student. ‎ ‎(2)含有already (已经),too (也)的肯定句加not变为否定句时,要分别把already和too改为yet和either。如:‎ He has already seen the movie. (变为否定句) →He hasn't seen the movie yet. ‎ I want to go for a picnic, too. (变否定句) →I don't want to go for a picnic,either. ‎ ‎(3)含有almost, many, much, often等词的肯定句可直接用never (hardly),few, little, seldom变为否定句,而不用加not。如:‎ He always stays up late in the evening. (变为否定句) →He never (hardly) stays up late in the evening. ‎ There is much food in the fridge. (变为否定句)→There is little food in the ‎ 5‎ fridge. ‎ ‎3. 当主句的谓语动词是think, believe, suppose等时,若要否定宾语从句,应注意否定转移现象。如:‎ I think you are right. 我认为你是对的。‎ I don't think you are right. 我认为你不对。‎ 二、 一般疑问句的回答 一般情况下,含有情态动词的一般疑问句,回答时应用与问句相同的词,但有时也用其他情态动词来回答。‎ 用情态动词may提问时,否定回答用mustn't, can't, may not。如:‎ ‎—May I smoke here?——我可以在这儿吸烟吗?‎ ‎—Yes, you may. ——是的,可以。‎ ‎—No, you mustn't. ——不,绝对不可以。‎ ‎—No, you can't. ——不,不可以。‎ 提分策略 简单句的基本句型各有特色。例如:反意疑问句由“陈述句+简单问句”构成;感叹句由what或how引导;祈使句由动词原形开头等。考生要熟记简单句的各种句型,积累一些经典句型。根据句型特点解答有关试题。‎ ‎【例】(2014·福建福州·32)—　　　　foggy day! ‎ ‎—Something must be done to solve the haze problem. ‎ A. How　　　B. What　　　C. What a ‎【解析】　本题考查感叹句的用法。因为这里是形容词foggy后面加单数名词day, 用what来引导。所以选C。‎ ‎【答案】　C ‎2. 通过语境判断答案解题过程中,考生要正确理解句意,根据语境,将答案代入题干,然后做出正确选择。‎ ‎【例】(2014·江苏苏州·2)—　　　　do you go to the sports club? ‎ ‎—At least once a week. ‎ A. How long B. How often C. How much D. How far ‎【解析】　本题考查疑问词的用法。根据下句的回答“至少每周一次”,‎ 5‎ 所以可知上句问的是动作发生的频率,所以上句的疑问词是how often。‎ ‎【答案】　B 专项训练 ‎1. (2014·内蒙古赤峰·37)—Have you heard of Zhang Lili? She was seriously hurt in an accident in order to save one of her students.‎ ‎—　　　　 good teacher! ‎ A. How B. What　‎ C. What a D. What an ‎2. (2014· 江苏常州·28)—Millie hardly did the housework after she bought the robot, 　　　? ‎ ‎—　　　　. She could relax and have time for her hobbies. ‎ A. did she; Yes B. didn't she; No C. didn't she; Yes D. did she; No ‎3. (2014·山东德州·20)He's still not understood by his close friend although he has said sorry to him, 　　　　? ‎ A. hasn't he B. has he C. isn't he D. is he ‎4. (2013·四川成都)—　　　　 do you surf the Internet, Maria? ‎ ‎—Twice a week.‎ A. How long B. How often C. How soon ‎5. (2013·四川绵阳)—Don't smoke in the reading room, 　　　　? ‎ ‎—I'm sorry. I won't do it again.‎ A. will you B. shall we C. do you ‎6. (2013·湖南长沙)—　　　　 do you think of the film? ‎ ‎—Very interesting.‎ A. What B. Who C. How ‎7. (2013·天津)—　　　　 nice dress it is! ‎ 5‎ ‎—Thank you!‎ A. What a B. What C. How D. How a ‎8. (2013·河北)—　　　　 is the dictionary? ‎ ‎—It's $22. 95.‎ A. How old B. How long C. How thick D. How much 参考答案与解析 ‎1. C　解析:考查感叹句的用法。句中的名词是单数形式,感叹句应该用what a 来引导。故选C。‎ ‎2. A　解析:考查反意疑问句的用法。疑问句的陈述部分含否定意义,疑问部分应该用肯定结构,所以排除B、C两项。由应答句后面一句判断,该疑问句应该作肯定回答。故选A。‎ ‎3. D　解析:考查反意疑问句的用法。该句是让步状语从句,主句是一般现在时态的被动语态,反意问句应该与主句一致,故选D。‎ ‎4. B　解析:考查疑问副词的用法。how long 询问(延续)多长时间,回答用for...或since...引导的时间状语;how often 多久一次,询问动作的频率,多长时间;how soon 询问还要多久才……,一般用于将来时,回答用in + 一段时间。‎ ‎5. A　解析:考查反意疑问句。句子的陈述部分是祈使句,祈使句的反意疑问句的疑问部分是will you? 故选A。‎ ‎6. A　解析:考查特殊疑问词的用法。根据对话中的答语“很有趣”可知,提问的是对事物的看法,用句型“What do you think of...?”。故选A。‎ ‎7. A　解析:考查感叹句的用法。nice dress为可数名词短语,前用what,可数名词短语前面要用冠词a/an, 故选A。‎ ‎8. D　解析: 考查疑问副词的用法。how old 询问多大岁数,how long询问多长时间,how thick询问多厚,how much询问多少钱。此题的答语是价钱,故选D。‎ 5‎ 5‎