【英语】2018届二轮复习：定语从句学案（16页）

【英语】2018届二轮复习：定语从句学案（16页）

‎2019届二轮复习 定语从句 ‎ 定语从句在复合句中修饰一个名词或代词。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做“先行词”。引导定语从句并作定语从句中的一个成分的词叫做“关系词”。常见的关系词有关系代词（who，whom，whose，that，which等）和关系副词（when，where，why等）。关系词有两个作用：1、放在先行词与定语从句中间起连接作用，引导定语从句；2、代替先行词在其引导的定语从句中充当一定的句子成分，并与先行词保持数的一致。‎ 关系代词引导的定语从句 ‎1、关系代词及其作用一览表 关系词 先行词 从句成分 例句 备注 关 系 代 词 who 表人的词 主语 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?‎ whom,that,which在从句中作宾语时，常可省略；但介词提前是，后面关系代词不能省略，也不可用that。‎ whom 表人的词 宾语 Mr. Li is the person with whom I am working.‎ Thy boy (whom) she loved died in the war.‎ 定语 I like those books whose topics whose 表人或物的词 ‎ are about history.‎ The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate.‎ that 表人或物的词 主或宾语 A plane is a machine that can fly.‎ She is the star (that) I want to see very much.‎ which 表物的词 主或宾语 The book (which) I gave you was.‎ The picture which was about the accident was terrible.‎ as 表人或物的词 主或宾语 He is such a person as is respected by all of us.‎ This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.‎ 作宾语一般不省略。‎ ‎2、关系代词特殊用法一览表 用法说明 例句 情况 只用 that的情 况 ‎1、先行词为all，everything，anything，nothing，little，much等不定代词时；‎ ‎2、先行词被all，any，every，each，much，little，no，some，few等修饰时；‎ ‎3、先行词有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时 ‎4、先行词既指人又指物时；‎ ‎5、先行词被the only，the very修饰时；‎ ‎1. He told me everything that he knows.‎ ‎2. All the books that you offered have been given out.‎ ‎3. This is the best film that I have ever seen.‎ ‎4. We talked about the person and things that we remembered.‎ ‎5. He is the only man that I want to see.‎ ‎6. Who is the man that is making a speech?‎ ‎7. Which is the book that you like best?‎ ‎6、先行词位于以who或which引导的特殊疑问句式的主句中时；‎ ‎7、关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。‎ 只用 which who whom 的情 况 ‎1、在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指物；用who/whom指人；‎ ‎2、在由“介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句中，用which指物，whom指人；‎ ‎3、先行词本身是that时，关系词用which，先行词为those，one，he时用who。‎ ‎1. He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study.‎ ‎2. I like the person to whom the teacher is talking.‎ ‎3. Those who respect others are usually respected by others.‎ ‎ 温馨提示：“whose + 名词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语，又能作宾语，whose的先行词常用来指人，但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念，这时可以与of ‎ which结构互换，词序是“the+名词 + of which”。如Please pass me the book whose cover (the cover of which) is green.‎ ‎3. 关系副词的用法 由when引导：when指时间，在从句中作时间状语，它所修饰的先行词有time，day，morning，night，week，year等。‎ 如From the time when he was little, he had known what he wanted to be when he grew up.‎ 由where引导：where指地点，在从句中作地点状语，它的先行词有place，spot，street，room，city，country等。如Is this the room where you were living last winter?‎ ‎ Beijing is the place where I was born.‎ 由why引导：why表示原因，常用在先行词reason后面。‎ 如The reason why he said that is quite clear.‎ ‎ I don’t know the reason why she looks unhappy today.‎ ‎4. 使用关系副词时应注意的几点：‎ 有些先行词虽不表具体的地点，但表达一种“阶段、境地、形势、地步”，也可用where来引导定语从句。如：stage，situation，case，point等。‎ ‎ 如：At that time we had reached a stage where we had more women readers than men readers.‎ ‎ Increasing poverty has led to a situation where some people cannot afford their children’s school fees.‎ ‎ Can you think of a case where you are mistaken by others, but you can’t tell the truth?‎ ‎ It seems that their relation has reached the point where they have to divorce.‎ 先行词虽然是表示时间、地点或原因的名词，但如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语，则用关系代词that或which引导。‎ ‎ 对比： I will never forget the happy days which we spent we spent together.‎ ‎ I will never forget the days when we visited your university.‎ ‎ This is the special school which was set up 10 years ago.‎ ‎ This is the special school where my father has taught for 10 years.‎ ‎ Do you believe the reason that he gave?‎ ‎ Do you know the reason why he killed himself?‎ 在某些表示时间名词后的关系副词可省略。如the time，every time，each time，the moment。‎ ‎ 如Do you still remember the day (when) we first met?‎ ‎5. “介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句 “介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句中的关系代词只能用which或whom。先行词表物时用which；先行词表人时用whom。介词的使用取决于句子意义的需要，或句中动词、形容词、副词与介词的搭配，表“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时，用of。‎ ‎ 如：I don’t know the time at which (= when) the meeting will begin.‎ ‎ I still remember the day on which (= when) I first came to this school.‎ ‎ This is the subject about which we might argue for a long time.‎ ‎ This is the worker from whom I have learned a great deal.‎ ‎ Is that the boss to whom you have explained your ‎ situation?‎ ‎ I bought a dozen of eggs, half of which were broken when I got home.‎ 当介词位于定语从句的末尾时，可用that / which（指物），that / whom / who（指人）作介词的宾语，而且作介词宾语的关系代词往往省略。‎ 如This is the hero (that / who / whom) we are proud of.‎ ‎ This is the pen (that / which) I wrote the letter with.‎ “复合介词短语 + 关系代词which”引导的定语从句，这种结构引导的定语从句常与先行词用逗号分开，定语从句常用倒装语序。‎ 如He lived in a big house, in front of which stood a big tall tree.‎ 介词 + 关系代词 = 关系副词。如This is the room which we lived in last year.‎ ‎ This is the room in which we lived last year.‎ ‎ This is the room where we lived last year.‎ ‎6. 关系代词as引导的定语从句 as用作关系代词，引导限制性定语从句，常可与主句中的the same或such相呼应，其中as为代词，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。‎ 如We do the same work as they (do).‎ ‎ He is not the same man as he was.‎ ‎ I hope to get such a dictionary as he is using.‎ ‎ We will give you such information as will help you in your work.‎ as引导非限制性定语从句，在句中作主语、宾语或表语，这个定语从句是说明整个句子的，它可以放在主句之前。如As we all know, he studies very hard.‎ ‎ As is known to all, he is the best student in our class.‎ ‎ 常用的这种类似插入语的句式有as is said above，as it is等。‎ ‎7. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 ‎ 限制性定语从句是整个句子不可缺少的部分，主句和从句之间不用逗号分开，其引导词可用关系代词that，which，who，whom，whose，as和关系副词when，where，why。这些引导词一般只在从句中作宾语时才可省略。‎ ‎ 非限制性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明，没有从句，也不影响主句意思的完整。一般不用逗号把主句和从句分开，通常不用关系代词that。‎ ‎ 如A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.‎ ‎ I have lost a pen, which I like very much.‎ ‎ Do you remember the teacher who taught us Chinese at middle school?‎ ‎ I have two brothers, who are both students.‎ ‎ 温馨提示：as和which引导非限制性定语从句时，都可以指代整个主句内容，二者的区别是： as引导的定语从句位置灵活，可放在句首、句中或句末；which引导的定语从句只能放在主句之后；as意为“正如；这一点”；which意为“这件事”。‎ ‎ 如As is mentioned above, English is easy to learn.‎ ‎ He failed in the examination again, which disappointed his parents.‎ 、非限制性定语从句通常不用that引导。 I am fond of the novel, which you bought for me.‎ 、‎ 在非限制性定语从句中，指人的关系代词作宾语时，只能用whom，不能用who替换，也不能省略。Lily, whom you met at the party, is my favorite friend.‎ 、非限制性定语从句不能用why引导，要用for which代替why。‎ ‎ eg: I have told him the reason, for which I missed the early bus.‎ ‎8. 使用定语从句应注意的问题 关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词用单数还是复数应由先行词决定。‎ ‎ 如The man who lives downstairs speaks English fluently.‎ ‎ The students who are in Grade Three are going to climb the hill tomorrow.‎ 引导定语从句的关系副词可以用“介词 + which”代替。‎ ‎ 如October 1,1949 was the day on which (=when) the People’s Republic of China was founded ‎ This is the room in which ( = where) Lu Xun once lived.‎ 当定语从句中谓语动词是带介词或副词的动词短语时，动词短语不能拆开。‎ ‎ 如The dictionary which you are looking for is on the desk.‎ ‎ The sick man whom she is looking after is her father.‎ 关系代词和关系副词在从句中充当一个成分，因此，使用时要注意避免从句中句子成分的重复出现。如Let me have a look at the dictionary that you bought it yesterday. (×)‎ ‎ Let me have a look at the dictionary that you bought yesterday. (√)‎ ‎ This is the house where I lived in two years ago. (×)‎ This is the house (that / which) I lived in two years ago. (√)‎ 强化训练 ‎1. ---Where did you get to know her?‎ ‎ ---It was on the farm we worked.‎ ‎ A. that B. there C. which D. where ‎2. The book was written in 1946, the education system has witnessed great changes.‎ ‎ A. when B. during which C. since the D. since when ‎3. Some pre-school children go to a day care center, they learn simple games and songs.‎ ‎ A. then B. there C. while D. where ‎4. You can only be sure of you have at pressent; you cannot be sure of something you might get in the future.‎ ‎ A. that ; what B. what ; / C. which ; that D. / ; that ‎5. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, wanted to buy it.‎ ‎ A. none of them B. both of them C. none of whom D. neither of whom ‎6. Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity sight matters more than hearing.‎ ‎ A. when B. whose C. which D. where ‎7. Chan’s restaurant on Baker Street, used to be poorly run, is now a successful business.‎ ‎ A. that B. which C. who D. where ‎8. He was educated at the local high school, he went on to Beijing University.‎ ‎ A. after which B. after that C. in which D. in that ‎9. The course normally attracts 20 students per year, up to half will be from abroad.‎ ‎ A. in which B. for whom C. with which D. of whom ‎10. I have never dined with you, sir; and I see no reason .‎ ‎ A. how can I know B. how I ought to know C. why shall I know D. why I should know ‎11. ---Do you have anything in mind you’d like for supper?‎ ‎ ---Well, is okay with me.‎ ‎ A. that ; anything B. which ; everything C. what ; nothing D. what ; nothing ‎12. My uncle and aunt work on a farm, they raise fifty .‎ ‎ A. there ; cattle B. where ; head of cattle C. in which ; head of cattle D. where ; cattles ‎13. Amony the winners father is seriously ill in hospital.‎ ‎ A. stand little Tom who B. stood little Tom whom C.little Tom stands whose D.stands little Tom whose ‎14. The reason he gave for being late was he forgot to use the alarm clock.‎ ‎ A. which ; because B. why ; because C. which ; that D. that ; because ‎15. While driving through the city, she showed me the building she once worked as a lift operator.‎ ‎ A. when B. which C. by which D. in which ‎16. China got 165 gold medals in the Asian Games in Doha, of course, made the whole nation excited.‎ ‎ A. which B. what C. that D. where ‎17. The TV set he works well now.‎ ‎ A. has repairing B. having repaired C. has been repaired D. has had repaired ‎18. Anyway, that evening, I’ll tell you more about later, ended up staying at Rachel’s place.‎ ‎ A. when B. where C. what D. which ‎19. is known to us all is that the old scientist, for life was hard in the past, still works very hard in his eighties.‎ ‎ A. As ; whom B. What ; whom C. It ; whose D. As ; whose ‎20. It was in the stone house was built as a school by local ‎ villagers the boy finished his primary school.‎ ‎ A. which ; that B. that ; where C. which ; which D. that ; which ‎21. The house was blown off is being repaired.‎ ‎ A. whose roof B. the roof of that C. of which roof D. roof of which ‎22. It’s the third time late this week.‎ ‎ A. that you are B. you are C. when you arrived D. when you have been ‎23. Did all the members present agree to the plan?‎ ‎ A. who B. that C. wrer D. /‎ ‎24. Keep away from such persons will do you no good.‎ ‎ A. as B. that C. like D. who ‎25. Who has common sense can’t believe such a thing?‎ ‎ A. else B. which C. but D. that ‎26. Who is the man is reading in the garden?‎ ‎ A. who B. that C. whom D. /‎ ‎27. That is the town he worked in 1987.‎ ‎ A. where B. which C. that D. in that ‎28. She doesn’t understand the reason he would like to join them.‎ ‎ A. for that B. why C. how D. which ‎29. The day will come soon he will see his success.‎ ‎ A. which B. when C. on that D. where ‎30. They walked together as far as the second crossing they parted.‎ ‎ A. when B. which C. why D. where ‎31. He is learned, unfortunately I was not.‎ ‎ A. whom B. that C. which D. who ‎32. He told me to start work, I did not follow.‎ ‎ A. that B. what C. this D. which ‎33. Anyone agrees may come with me.‎ ‎ A. that B. who C. to whom D. with whom ‎34. The house colour is red is John’s.‎ ‎ A. whose B. of which C. which D. the ‎35. Sunday is the day people have a rest.‎ ‎ A. that B. on which C. for which D. at which ‎36. This is the hotel we stopped to rest.‎ ‎ A. at which B. that C. where D. which ‎37. Tell me the reason you were wet all over.‎ ‎ A. how B. why C. of which D. for that ‎38. His father, likes painting, is a teacher.‎ ‎ A. who B. whom C. that D. which ‎