2021版高考英语大一轮复习核心素养测评：二十八Module4Carnival外研版必修5

2021版高考英语大一轮复习核心素养测评：二十八Module4Carnival外研版必修5

核心素养测评二十八 Module 4 Carnival Ⅰ. 阅读理解 A ‎(2020·厦门模拟)‎ ‎ In the past, westerners were not familiar with Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), but now it is becoming globally popular. According to a government report, TCM has been introduced into 183 countries and regions around the world. ‎ ‎ However, westerners only have a little knowledge of TCM. Their understanding of TCM may be limited to acupuncture (针灸), cupping and massage (按摩). For instance, the purple, injury-like marks left on a U. S. famous swimmer’s back from cupping to relax his muscles and reduce pain became the center of attention during the Rio Olympics in 2016. ‎ ‎ In fact, Chinese herbs (药草) play a more important role in curing diseases and keeping the body in good condition in the TCM treatment system than physical treatment. Therefore, it is disappointing to know that although 103 World Health Organization member countries have given approval to the practice of acupuncture, not many recognize Chinese herbal medicine. TCM is much less popular than Western medicine partly due to the slow development of Chinese herbs. ‎ ‎ Herbs can be made into pills, powder and soup. The kind of herbs used, their quality, quantity and the processing together determine the effectiveness of the prescription (处方). Compared with Western medicine, which has standardized drug production processes and treatment methods, TCM lacks standardization. The chemical composition and functions of its medicine are still unclear and their effects are unstable. Fortunately, standardization has improved in recent decades and a number of factories are increasingly producing patented TCM drugs. ‎ ‎ Another reason why TCM prescription drugs have developed slowly is that it lacks creativity. While Western medicine-making companies come up with new products every year, TCM drug producers tend to make medicine according to prescriptions handed down from the past. That Chinese chemist Tu Yoyo won the 2015 Nobel Prize ‎ 12‎ in Physiology or Medicine for her research into malaria (疟疾) treatment may drive creativity to some extent in China’s TCM industry. ‎ ‎ However, Rome was not built in a day. The current situation cannot be changed within a short time. ‎ ‎【文章大意】中医药虽然传到了许多国家, 但是也有很多的因素制约了它的快速发展和传播。“罗马建成非一日之功”, 中国中医药的发展也是如此, 我们更要致力于中国的文化的发展。‎ ‎1. What does the example of an American swimmer in Paragraph 2 show? ‎ A. Westerners know a little about TCM. ‎ B. Cupping is a kind of important TCM treatment. ‎ C. He was injured in his swimming. ‎ D. TCM is very popular among westerners. ‎ ‎【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第二段中的For instance, the purple, injury-like marks left on a U. S. famous swimmer’s back from cupping to relax his muscles and reduce pain became the center of attention during the Rio Olympics in 2016. 可推知拔罐留下的青紫就成为了奥运会上令人关注的中心, 可见外国人对中国的中医药了解甚少。故选A项。‎ ‎2. Why don’t some member countries of WHO recognize Chinese herbal medicine? ‎ A. Chinese herbs can get rid of diseases. ‎ B. They only approve the practice of acupuncture. ‎ C. Western medicine is more effective. ‎ D. Medicine made out of Chinese herbs develops slowly. ‎ ‎【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第三段的最后一句TCM is much less popular than Western medicine partly due to the slow development of Chinese herbs. 可知选D项。‎ ‎3. How does the writer feel about the future of TCM? ‎ A. Anxious. B. Negative. ‎ C. Optimistic. D. Disappointed. ‎ ‎【解析】选C。观点态度题。根据最后两段的内容可知作者认为中医药现在的困境会得到改变, 可推知作者是持乐观态度的。故选C项。‎ ‎4. What is the best title for the passage? ‎ A. The Effectiveness of TCM. ‎ B. The Barriers to TCM’s Development. ‎ 12‎ C. The Weakness of TCM. ‎ D. The Future of TCM. ‎ ‎【解析】选B。主旨大意题。文章主要分析了制约中医药在国际上快速发展的因素, 故选B项。‎ B Making beer on the moon might seem like a pipe dream to many, but for a group of students from the University of California at San Diego, there is a chance to take their research beyond Earth’s surface. ‎ The Lab2Moon competition, held by TeamIndus, is offering students the chance to secure a spot on the TeamIndus rocket this year. ‎ Taking craft beer to the next level, the students want to test whether it’s possible for yeast (酵母) to work and create beer on the moon. However, they believe the experiment is not just a creative concept for astronauts, it’s also important for the development of drugs and yeast-containing foods, like bread. ‎ ‎“The idea started out with a few laughs among a group of friends, ” said Neeki Ashari, a fifth-year bioengineering student at UC San Diego. “We all appreciate the craft of beer. When we heard that there was an opportunity to design an experiment that would appear on India’s moonlander, we thought we could combine our hobby with the competition by focusing on the practicality (可行性) of yeast in outer space. ”‎ The preparation work for the beer — up to the stage of adding yeast — will all be done on Earth, and rather than separating the fermentation (发酵) and carbonation stages of making beer, the team plans to combine them. ‎ This removes the need to release CO2 accumulated in the process, which may result in cleanliness and safety issues out in space. ‎ If selected, Team Original Gravity will be the first to make beer in outer space, and the fermentation will take place in a vessel no bigger than a soda can. ‎ All teams competing for the place will showcase their ideas in Bangalore, India. ‎ Sadly, you won’t be enjoying moon beer in your local craft beer bar anytime ‎ 12‎ soon, as no samples will be brought back. However, this small experiment could provide important data on just how practical it is for us to make and create our own resources on other planets and moon by learning how consumables behave in different environments. ‎ ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。由TeamIndus举办的Lab2Moon比赛有望让学生在月球上酿造啤酒的梦想得以实现。‎ ‎5. How did the students feel when they got the chance to design the experiment? ‎ A. Excited. 　　　　　　B. Nervous. ‎ C. Confident. D. Casual. ‎ ‎【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第一段可知, 虽然在月球上酿造啤酒对于许多人来说是白日梦, 但是对一群来自加州大学圣地亚哥分校的学生来说, 他们有机会在地球以外开展他们的研究, 又根据第四段中的“We all appreciate the craft of beer . . . of yeast in outer space”可推知, 他们有做这个实验的机会时应是兴奋的, 故A项正确。‎ ‎6. What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 6 refer to? ‎ A. The mixing of two stages. ‎ B. Adding yeast on Earth. ‎ C. The preparation. ‎ D. Fermentation and carbonation. ‎ ‎【解析】选A。代词指代题。根据第五段可知, 该实验小组在准备工作中计划把发酵过程和碳化过程结合起来; 结合第六段“This removes the need to release CO2 accumulated in the process, which may result in cleanliness and safety issues out in space”可知, 这种准备工作排除了在这个过程中释放累积的二氧化碳的需要, 这种需要可能导致外太空的清洁和安全问题。据此可推知, This指代在地球上的准备工作, 即把两个阶段结合起来, 故A项正确。‎ ‎7. What can we learn about the experiment from the passage? ‎ A. It has been designed based on similar experiments. ‎ B. It’s quite competitive compared with other designs. ‎ C. Its design has already been approved by TeamIndus. ‎ D. Its process was adapted to make it safer and greener. ‎ ‎【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第六段可知,‎ 12‎ ‎ 这种准备工作排除了在这个过程中释放累积的二氧化碳的需要, 这种需要可能导致外太空的清洁和安全问题; 根据第七段可知, 发酵过程将在一个不比苏打罐大的容器中进行。据此可推知, 该实验过程经过改造后, 将更安全、环保, 故D项正确。‎ ‎8. What does the author think of the students’ idea? ‎ A. It seems like a pipe dream. ‎ B. It’s extremely complicated. ‎ C. It’s meaningful and hopeful. ‎ D. It’s creative but impractical. ‎ ‎【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知, 通过了解消耗品在不同环境中的反应, 这个小实验可以提供重要的数据, 告诉我们在其他行星和月球上制造我们自己的资源有多可行。据此可推知, 这项实验是有意义、有希望的, 故C项正确。‎ ‎【知识拓展】佳词积累 ‎1. a pipe dream　　 白日梦 ‎2. competition n. 竞赛 ‎3. combine. . . with 把……和……结合起来 ‎4. focus on 集中精力于 ‎5. result in 导致 ‎6. practical adj. 实用的, 实际的 Ⅱ. 完形填空 ‎(2020·北京模拟)‎ Double Trouble ‎ When I was eight, I wanted a toy and needed $10 to buy it. But, as usual, I was broke. I decided to ask my 11-year-old sister, Kathleen, for a loan. I went to her room, 　1　her for the cash. Laughing, she agreed to　2　 me the money, but added, “I will charge you 10 percent compound interest every 　3　until you pay me back. ” ‎ ‎“Compound interest—what’s that? ” I asked. ‎ ‎“Well, interest is what you call the　4　money borrowers have to pay back on a loan, ” she explained. “Compound interest means that the interest payments get bigger and bigger the　5　you take to pay back the loan. To repay the loan, you 12‎ ‎ will need to give me $11 after one month. If you wait two months to pay me back, your　6　 will grow from $10 to $11. So I’ll be charging you interest on $11. Then I will add that interest to the $11 you already owe me, for a 　7　of $12. 10. That’s what you’ll owe after two months. ” ‎ ‎ “Sure. I get it, ” I said. Though truthfully, I was getting 　8　.  ‎ ‎ Kathleen lent me the money, and I bought the toy. My birthday came a month later, and my mom gave me $10. 　9　, that was just the amount I needed to buy another toy I wanted 　10　. I put off paying my sister for a month. After another month, I　11　about the loan.  ‎ ‎ Several months later, on Christmas morning, my sister and I each found a $20 bill in our stockings. I was just putting it into my pocket 　12　Kathleen tapped me on the shoulder.  ‎ ‎ “Sorry, kiddo. That’s mine. I’m 　13　on your debt. ” ‎ ‎ “Huh? ” Then I remembered the loan. “Hey! How can it be that much? I 　14　borrowed $10. ” ‎ ‎ “True, ” she said, “but interest has been compounding for eight months. Now you 　15　me $21. 43. ” She paused, then added. “You can pay me the $1. 43. ” ‎ I 　16　to believe that a $10 loan could more than double so quickly. Much to my 　17　, my sister got her pencil and tablet and showed me exactly how it all added up.  ‎ ‎ My head 　18　as I tried to keep track of Kathleen’s 　19　, but this time, I got the basic idea of compound interest. I 　20　the hard way that borrowing money can be “double trouble” in no time.  ‎ ‎【文章大意】文章讲述了作者8岁时一次借钱的经历。本来作者只借了姐姐10美元, 可是最终作者的债务累加到了21. 43美元。经过这次经历, 作者明白了借钱可能会给自己带来双重麻烦这个道理。‎ ‎1. A. blaming B. begging ‎ C. searching D. preparing ‎【解析】选B。“我”需要钱, 自然去恳求姐姐给钱。故B项正确。‎ 12‎ ‎2. A. pay 　　 B. send　　 C. lend 　　 D. hand ‎【解析】选C。根据后面姐姐说的话可知姐姐同意借给“我”钱。C选项正确。‎ ‎3. A. month B. year C. week D. day ‎【解析】选A。由第三段中的“To repay the loan, you will need to give me $11 after one month. ”可知, 姐姐答应借给“我”钱, 但是要“我”每个月付10%的复利。A选项正确。‎ ‎4. A. little B. same C. enough D. extra ‎【解析】选D。利息是借钱人在归还贷款时额外付的钱。D选项正确。‎ ‎5. A. shorter B. longer C. more D. less ‎【解析】选B。根据常识可知归还贷款需要的时间越长, 所需支付的利息就越多。B选项正确。‎ ‎6. A. cash B. saving C. note D. debt ‎【解析】选D。姐姐告诉“我”: “如果你等两个月归还我的钱, 那么, 你的债务将从10美元增加到11美元。”cash现金, saving积蓄, note支票, 都不符合句意, 故 D项(债务)正确。‎ ‎7. A. total B. cost C. number D. bill ‎【解析】选A。如果作者两个月才归还姐姐的钱的话, 那么, 利滚利, 最终作者要归还的总数为12. 10美元。A选项正确。‎ ‎8. A. encouraged B. shocked C. confused D. satisfied ‎【解析】选C。“我”告诉姐姐“我”明白了。但是根据though可知, “我”没有明白, 感到困惑。C选项正确。‎ ‎9. A. Gradually B. Obviously C. Unfortunately D. Hopefully ‎【解析】选C。根据下文来看作者推迟了还钱, 那笔钱恰恰就是作者买另一个玩具所需要的钱。可知这是引起作者债务越欠越多的原因; 故可称之为“不幸的是”。C选项正确。‎ ‎10. A. seriously B. anxiously C. secretly D. desperately ‎【解析】选D。seriously严肃地, 认真地; anxiously焦虑地; secretly秘密地; desperately极度地。根据句意可知作者特别想要再买一个玩具。D选项正确。‎ 12‎ ‎11. A. forgot B. knew C. talked D. cared ‎【解析】选A。由下文中“‘Huh? ’ Then I remembered the loan. ”可知, 又过了一个月, 作者忘记了自己借的钱, 到了圣诞节经姐姐提醒才想起来。A选项正确。‎ ‎12. A. after B. until C. while D. when ‎【解析】选D。作者正要把20美元放到自己的口袋里, 这时候姐姐拍了拍他的肩膀。be doing . . . when. . . 意为“正要做某事这时突然” , D选项正确。‎ ‎13. A. carrying B. collecting C. relying D. focusing ‎【解析】选B。根据上文姐姐告诉作者: “That’s mine. ”可知姐姐要收债了, 故B项正确。‎ ‎14. A. normally B. nearly C. only D. really ‎【解析】选C。作者经过姐姐提醒, 记起了自己的债务。但是根据上一句可知他认为自己没借那么多钱, 他只借了10美元。C选项正确。‎ ‎15. A. owe B. offer C. take D. give ‎【解析】选A。姐姐是借贷方, 只能说作者欠了姐姐多少钱。A选项正确。‎ ‎16. A. decided B. refused C. pretended D. managed ‎【解析】选B。根据下文姐姐拿来铅笔和便笺本, 向作者展示这个钱数是怎么来的, 可推知作者不相信10美元的借款这么快就会加倍。故B项正确。‎ ‎17. A. relief B. delight C. annoyance D. regret ‎【解析】选C。根据句意“令我感到生气的是, 姐姐拿来铅笔和便笺本, 向我展示这个钱数是怎么来的。”可知C选项正确。‎ ‎18. A. turned B. nodded C. stuck D. hurt ‎【解析】选D。当作者努力地想弄清楚姐姐的计算时, 作者很头疼。D选项正确。‎ ‎19. A. calculations B. excuses C. directions D. discoveries ‎【解析】选A。由上文的“my sister got her pencil and tablet and showed me exactly how it all added up”可知, 姐姐给作者计算这个钱数是怎么来的。故A选项正确。‎ 12‎ ‎20. A. explored B. learned C. explained D. questioned ‎【解析】选B。作者通过这次经历明白了借钱可能会给自己带来双重麻烦这个道理。故B项正确。‎ ‎【知识拓展】佳词积累 ‎1. loan 　　　　　　　 n. 贷款, 借款 ‎2. compound adj. 复合的 ‎3. interest n. 利息 Ⅲ. 语法填空 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎ If you only got six hours’ shut-eye last night, there is no need 1. 　　　　(lose)sleep over it.  ‎ ‎ Scientists say that though it is 2. 　　　　(wide) believed that we need eight hours of sleep a night, six to seven hours is the natural amount.  ‎ ‎ Advising short-sleepers to rest easy, the US researchers say, 3. 　　　　(have) important implications(暗示, 含义) for the idea that we need to take sleeping pills because sleep has been reduced from 4. 　　　　(it) natural level by the widespread use of electricity, TV, the Internet and so on.  ‎ ‎ The lead author of a study, Ghandi, said, “There’s the 5. 　　　　(expect) that we should all be sleeping for eight or nine hours a night, and if we took away modern technology, we would be sleeping more. But now, for the first time, we are showing that’s not 6. 　　　　 truth. ” ‎ Most of those 7. 　　　　were studied slept for less than seven hours a night, with the average amount just six hours and 25 minutes. This is much less than the eight hours often 8. 　　　　(recommend) in western societies.  ‎ ‎ Despite this, the people studied were in good health, 9. 　　　　 lower rates of obesity(肥胖症), better blood pressure and 10. 　　　　 (healthy) hearts than people in industrialised societies. They were also fitter.  ‎ ‎1. 【解析】to lose。考查固定句式。there is no need to do sth. 表示“没必要做某事”, 为固定句型。‎ 12‎ ‎2. 【解析】widely。考查副词。修饰动词believe要用副词。‎ ‎3. 【解析】has。考查主谓一致。分析句子结构可知Advising short-sleepers to rest easy为主语, 故谓语动词用单数形式, 故用has。‎ ‎4. 【解析】its。考查代词。根据句意分析句子结构可知要填入的词作定语修饰后面的natural level, 故用形容词性物主代词, 即its。‎ ‎5. 【解析】expectation。考查名词。此处缺少there be 句型的主语, 故用名词形式, expect的名词为expectation。‎ ‎6. 【解析】the。考查冠词。the truth表示“真理”。‎ ‎7. 【解析】who。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知此处为定语从句, 修饰先行词 those, 且在从句中作主语, 故用who。‎ ‎8. 【解析】recommended。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知后面的结构为定语修饰eight hours, 且与其有逻辑上的动宾关系, 故用过去分词形式。‎ ‎9. 【解析】with。考查介词。根据句意可知此处填入伴随状语, 故用介词with。‎ ‎10. 【解析】healthier。考查比较级。根据后文的than以及句意可知填入比较级。‎ 阅读理解 ‎(2019·阜阳模拟)‎ ‎ The Masai are a people who are constantly trying to preserve their own ways in an increasingly modern world. They live along the border of Kenya and Tanzania, moving their homes from time to time to follow their cattle, the source of their living. ‎ ‎ The Masai have become known as a people of fighters, protecting their cattle against lions and other enemies. Only men are fighters. They wear long hair, which is colored red with clay. They can have more than one wife. Women build and take care of the home, fixing food and making clothing. Women and children keep their heads shaved. Women can also become elders, once they have given birth to four healthy children. ‎ The Masai depend on their cattle for many parts of their life. They drink cow’s milk and blood as sacred drinks. They use the cows’ waste to cover and seal(密封) their homes. They don’t kill their cattle for food, but if a cow is killed, then the horns are used for containers; the hides(兽皮) are used to make ‎ 12‎ shoes, clothing, ropes and bed coverings; and the bones are made into decorations. ‎ The more cattle a man owns, the richer he is considered to be. A man who owns 50 or fewer cattle is considered poor. A “rich” man has a thousand or more. The cattle, though owned by the man, are considered to belong to the man’s entire family. The family names the cattle and can recognize each animal’s unique voice. ‎ ‎ Masai houses are made from sticks and grass, but they are meant to be temporary, since the move of their cattle means that the Masai move as well. ‎ ‎【文章大意】本文讲述了马赛人的生活习性和风俗习惯。‎ ‎1. When do the Masai move from one place to another? ‎ A. They move when they have over a thousand cattle. ‎ B. They move once there are 4 children in the family. ‎ C. They move when their cattle need new food sources. ‎ D. They move after their houses are not strong enough. ‎ ‎【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第一段中的moving their homes from time to time to follow their cattle可知他们会随着牛迁徙而迁徙。而牛肯定会因为寻找食物而迁徙, 故选C项。‎ ‎2. What is Masai women’s daily work at home? ‎ A. They protect the cattle from being hunted. ‎ B. They give birth to babies and bring them up. ‎ C. They look after as well as name their cattle. ‎ D. They mainly deal with various housework. ‎ ‎【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第二段的内容Women build and take care of the home, fixing food and making clothing. 可知选D项。‎ ‎3. What does the underlined word“elders”in Paragraph 2 mean? ‎ A. Aged citizens. B. Respected people. ‎ C. Brave fighters. D. Wealthy hostesses. ‎ ‎【解析】选B。词义猜测题。根据下文成为“elders”的条件once they have given birth to four healthy children可推知应该成为受人尊敬的人。‎ ‎4. It can be inferred from the text that 　　　.  ‎ 12‎ A. the Masai raise cattle mainly for their meat B. lions are the primary enemies of the Masai C. the Masai are living a life in a modern way D. the total of the Masai’s cattle decides their status ‎【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第四段The more cattle a man owns, the richer he is considered to be. 可知一个马赛人拥有的牛越多, 他就被认为越富有, 越有地位。故选D项。‎ ‎【知识拓展】长难句分析 The Masai have become known as a people of fighters, protecting their cattle against lions and other enemies. ‎ 分析: 句中使用了非谓语动词短语作状语。‎ 翻译: 马赛人作为一个好战的民族而著称, 保护他们的牛群免受狮子和其他敌人的伤害。‎ 12‎