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2018年中考英语知识归纳复习专题情景交际外研版
情景交际 【情景交际】 情景交际类单项填空题属于“语言功能”考核项目,考查学生的交际能力和对英美国家文化背景的了解。在解答该类题目时,要避开一些误区: 一忌上词下用(如不能用“No thanks.”回答“Thank you very much.”); 二忌中文思维(要充分了解英美文化); 三忌直接回绝(英美人拒绝请求或邀请时一般比较委婉);四忌答非所问(与问话不相关的选项可排除,分清相近选项,如With pleasure.“我很乐意。”和My pleasure./It’s a pleasure.“不用谢;不客气。”)。 要避免此类错误,我们不仅要分析语境,理解交际场合和意图,还要在平时的学习中积累常用功能意念交际项目的常用表达。部分常用表达归纳如下: 1.问候 类型 常用表达 直接问候 与应答 (1)—How are you?你好吗? —I’m fine/OK,thanks/thank you.我很好,谢谢。 (2)—Nice to meet/see you.很高兴见到你。 —Nice to meet/see you,too.我也很高兴见到你。 (3)—How’s it going?/How are you doing?/How is everything going?/How is everything with you?/How are you getting on?/What’s up?近来可好? —Pretty good./Very well./Everything is OK./Not bad.非常好。/一切都很好。/马马虎虎。 间接问候 与应答 —Say hi/hello to... /Please give my regards/best wishes to.../Please remember me to...向……问好。/请代我向……问好。 —Of course./Sure/Thanks,I will.当然。/当然/谢谢,我会的。 17 2.感谢 类型 常用表达 感谢 (1)Thanks (a lot)./Thank you (very/so much)./Many thanks.(非常)感谢。 (2)Thanks/Thank you for...(因……)感谢你。 (3)It’s very kind/nice of you.你真是太好了。 (4)Thanks.That would be nice.谢谢,那太好了。 (5)Thank you all the same.还是得感谢你。 (常用于应答别人实际上没帮上忙时) 应答 (1)You’re welcome./Not at all./That’s all right./That’s OK./Don’t mention it./My pleasure./It’s a pleasure.不用谢。/不客气。 (2)I’m glad you like it.我很高兴你喜欢它。(常用于应答别人感谢你送的礼物时) 3.道歉 类型 常用表达 道歉 Sorry./I’m sorry./I’m sorry for/that...抱歉。/我很抱歉…… 应答 That’s all right./That’s OK./Not at all./Never mind./It doesn’t matter./It’s nothing.没关系。 4.邀请 17 类型 常用表达 邀请 (1)Will/Would/Can/Could you come to...?你能来……吗? (2)Would you like to...?你愿意(想要)……吗? (3)May I invite you to...? 我可以邀请你……吗? 接受邀请 (1)Sure/Yes,I’d love/like to.是的,我愿意。 (2)Yes.It’s very kind/nice of you.是的,你真是太好了。 (3)That would be nice.那太好了。 拒绝邀请 (1)No,thanks/thank you.不,谢谢。 (2) I’d love/like to,but...我很乐意,但是…… 5.请求允许 类型 常用表达 请求允许 (1)May/Can/Could I...?我可以……吗? (2)Can/Could/Will/Would you please...?请你……好吗?/你能……吗? (3)Would you mind(not)...?你介意……吗?/请你不要……好吗? (4)I wonder if I can/could...我想知道我能否…… 肯定应答 (1)Yes./Sure./Certainly.当然可以。 (2)Of course,you can.当然了,你可以的。 (3)Yes,do please./Go ahead,please.是的,请。/请吧。 (4)OK./All right.好的。 (5)Certainly not./Of course not./Not at all.当然不介意。/一点也不介意。(常用于应答以上第3句) 17 否定应答 (1)I’m afraid not.恐怕不行。 (2)You’d better not./Better not.(你)最好不要。(常用于应答以上第3句) (3)I’m sorry (,but) you can’t...很抱歉,(但)你不能…… (4)I’m afraid it’s not allowed.恐怕这是不允许的。 (5)Sorry,I’m afraid I can’t.抱歉,我恐怕不行。 (6)Sorry,I/we won’t do it again.抱歉,我/我们不那样做了。(常用于应答由Would you mind not...?提出的请求) 6.寻求帮助 类型 常用表达 寻求帮助 Can you help me?/Can you give me a hand?/Can you do me a favor?你可以帮助我吗? 肯定应答 Sure./Certainly./Of course./No problem./With pleasure.当然可以。/没问题。/我很乐意。 否定应答 Sorry,I’m afraid I can’t.抱歉,我恐怕不行。 7.提供帮助 类型 常用表达 提供帮助 (1)Can I help you?我可以帮忙吗? (2)What can I do for you?我能为你做些什么? (3)Would you like me to help you?要我帮你吗? 17 (4)Let me help you.让我来帮你。 肯定应答 (1)Yes,please.好的,请吧。 (2)Yes,thanks.好的,谢谢。 (3)Thanks.That would be nice.谢谢,那太好了。 否定应答 (1)No,thanks/thank you.不用,谢谢。 (2)That’s very nice of you.But I can manage it myself.你真好。但是我自己能处理(应付得来)。 (3)No,I can do it,but thank you all the same.不用,我可以自己做,但还是得感谢你。 8.建议&劝告、警告&禁止 类型 常用表达 建议&劝告 (1)What/How about...?……怎么样? (2)Why not.../Why don’t you...?为什么不……? (3)Shall we...?我们……好吗? (4)Let’s...让我们…… (5)You’d better (not)...你最好(不要)…… (6)You should/shouldn’t ...你(不)应当…… (7)Remember to...记得去…… 17 警告&禁止 (1) You mustn’t... 不准/禁止…… (2) Don’t... 不要…… 肯定应答 (1)Sounds great/good./Good idea./That’s /It’s a good idea./All right./OK.听起来不错。/好主意。/那是个好主意。/好的。(以上常用于应答别人提出的建议) (2)Why not?为什么不呢? (3)I can’t wait.我等不及了。 (4)OK,I will.好的,我会的。(常用于应答以上第7句) (5)Thanks for your advice.谢谢你的建议。 否定应答 Sorry,I won’t. 对不起,我不会了。(常用于应答别人发出的警告) 9.祝愿&祝贺 类型 适用场合 常用表达 祝愿&祝贺 要去参加考试或比赛时 Good luck (to you)!/I wish you success! 祝你好运!/祝你成功! 取得好成绩时 Congratulations!/Well done!/Good job! 恭喜你!/干得好! 17 要去旅行或参加聚会时 Have a good/great/nice/pleasant time/trip./Enjoy yourself./Have fun.旅途愉快。/玩得开心。 过生日时 Happy birthday! 生日快乐! 应答 Thanks./Thank you.谢谢! 应答公共节日 过春节、圣诞节等公共节日时 —Merry Christmas! 圣诞节快乐! —Thanks.You too./The same to you.谢谢,你也一样。 10.赞美 类型 常用表达 赞美 (1)You look nice in red.你穿红色衣服很漂亮。 (2)Your new watch is cool.你的新手表很炫。 (3)The cake tastes so delicious.蛋糕太美味了。 应答 Thanks./Thank you.谢谢。 11.情感 17 类型 常用表达 高兴 (1)How wonderful! 太棒了! (2)I’m pleased/glad to know/hear that. 知道/听闻那事我很高兴。 满意 Good!/Well done!/Perfect!/That’s fine./That’s good enough.好!/干得好!/完美!/那很好。/那足够好了。 忧虑&应答 忧虑:(1)I’m afraid it’s too hard/difficult.恐怕这个太难了。 (2)I am/feel nervous.我感觉很紧张。 应答:(1)Come on.You can do it.加油。你可以的。 (2)Take it easy.别着急。 (3)Don’t worry.不要担心。 遗憾 (1)I’m so sorry.很抱歉。 (2)It’s a great pity.太遗憾了。 (3)What a pity/shame! 真遗憾! 同情 (1)I’m sorry to hear that.听到这个消息我很难过。 (2)That’s/It’s too bad.那太糟糕了。 12.打算 类型 常用表达 17 打算与应答 (1)—What are you going to do tonight?今晚你打算干什么? —Not much.没什么事。 (2)—Will you go...?你将去……吗? —I’m afraid not.我恐怕不去。 13.观点&看法 类型 常用表达 观点&看法 (1)What do you think of...?/How do you like...?/How do you feel about...?你认为……怎么样? (2)How was...?……怎么样? 应答 (1)Great./Wonderful./Fantastic.很好。/很精彩。/了不起。 (2)It was great./They are wonderful.它太棒了。/它们太完美了。 (3)I love them (very much)./I don’t mind them./I can’t stand them.我(非常)喜欢它们。/我不介意它们。/我忍受不了它们。 14.天气、日期 类型 常用表达 询问天气与应答 —What’s the weather like today?/How’s the weather today?今天天气怎么样? —It’s fine/cloudy/windy/rainy/...晴天/多云/有风/下雨/…… 17 询问日期与应答 (1)—What day is it today?今天是星期几? —It’s Monday.星期一。 (2)—What’s the date today?今天是几号? —It’s June 1st.6月1日。 15.打电话 类型 常用表达 打电话方 (1)Could/May/Can I speak to...,please?请找……接电话,好吗? (2)Who’s that (speaking)?你是哪一位? (3)This is...(speaking).我是…… (4)Hello,is that...(speaking)?你好,你是……吗? (5)I’d like to speak to...我想找…… (6)Could you ask him/her to call me back?您能让他/她给我回电话吗? (7)I’m calling you to tell/ask you to...我打电话给你是想告诉/要你…… 接电话方 (1)Speaking,please.请讲。 (2)Hold on (for a moment),please.请稍等。 (3)This is...(speaking).我是…… (4)I’m sorry/afraid he/she isn’t in at the moment/right now.对不起,他/她现在不在。 (5)Can I take a message?要我传个口信吗? 16.就餐 类型 常用表达 17 询问 (1)What would you like (to have)?你想要(吃/喝)些什么? (2)Would you like something to eat/drink?你想吃/喝点什么吗? (3)Help yourself to...请随便吃/喝点…… 同意 (1)I’d like rice and chicken.我要米饭和鸡肉。 (2)A cup of tea,please.请给我一杯茶。 (3)Yes,some noodles,please.是的,来点面。 (4)Yes,I’d like a drink.是的,我要一杯饮料。 (5)Just a little,please.只要一点点。 拒绝 (1)No,thank you.(I’ve had enough.) 不用了,谢谢。(我已经吃饱了。) (2)I’m full,thank you.我饱了,谢谢。 17.购物 类型 常用表达 寒暄语 —Can I help you?/What can I do for you?有什么可以帮您的吗? —Yes,please.好的。 营业员 (1)How many/much...do you want?您想要多少? (2)What kind/color/size do you like/want?你喜欢/想要什么种类/颜色/尺寸的? (3)What/How about this?这个怎么样? (4)Here you are.给你。 17 顾客 (1)I want/would like to buy some...(for...)我想(为……)买一些…… (2)I’m looking for...我正在找…… (3)Have you got any other kind/color/size?你们还有其他种类/颜色/尺寸的吗? (4)That looks nice/great.看起来不错。 (5)How much is it?(=How much does it cost?) /How much are they?这个/这些多少钱? (6)Can/May I try it/them on?我能试一试吗? 18.看病 类型 常用表达 医生 (1)What’s the matter/trouble (with you)?/What’s wrong(with you)?/What’s up?你怎么了? (2)How long have you been like this?你像这样多久了? (3)There’s nothing serious.不要紧/不严重。 (4)You’d better have a good rest.你最好好好休息。 (5)Take this medicine and stay in bed for a few days.吃这个药并卧床休息几天。 (6)You will get better soon.你会很快好起来的。 病人 (1)I have a headache/stomachache/toothache/cold/cough/sore throat.我头痛/胃痛/牙疼/感冒了/咳嗽/喉咙痛。 (2)I’m not feeling well./I don’t feel very well./I feel terrible/bad.我感觉不舒服。 (3)There’s something wrong with my...我的……不舒服。 (4)I hurt my left leg./My left leg hurts.我的左腿受伤了。 (5)I can’t sleep well./I didn’t get enough sleep.我睡不好。/我睡眠不够。 【考点训练】 17 1.—It is very nice of you to help me. —__________. ( ) A.I agree B.Not yet C.My pleasure D.No way2.—Would you like to see a movie with me tonight? —_______.I have to do chores. ( ) A.Good luck B.Let’s go C.No problem D.I’m afraid not 3.—My parents will bring me to Shanghai Disneyland the day after tomorrow. —______. ( ) A.I’m sorry to hear that B.It’s my pleasure C.Best wishes to you D.Have a good trip 4.—I’m sorry.I broke your tea cup. —____.I have another one at home. ( ) A.It doesn’t matter B.You’d better not C.My pleasure D.It’s too bad 5.—I’m very nervous the night before the big exam. —_____.I’m sure you can make it. ( ) A.Take it easy B.Take your time C.Go ahead D.Enjoy yourself 6.—You were amazing today!Well done! —________. ( ) A.All right B.Thank you C.Not yet D.Of course 7.—I had a pleasant winter vacation with my family in the north. 17 —_______.( ) A.Oh,that’s nice of you. B.Enjoy yourself! C.Well done! D.Glad to hear that. 8.—Let’s go to the movie after the test. —_____. ( ) A.Not at all B.Never mind C.It doesn’t matter D.Good idea 答案:CDDAABDD 【中考示例】 (2017·广西)—Sorry for being late. —_____.( ) A.That’s sure. B.Here you are. C.Never mind. D.Certainly. 【解析】考查情景交际。问句句意:抱歉迟到了。A项意为“那是真的”;B项意为“给你”;C项意为“没关系”;D项意为“当然”。由语境可知C项符合题意。 【考题热身】 1.(2017·云南)—Hello,is that Molly speaking? —______. ( ) A.You’re welcome B.Speaking,please C.This way,please D.Glad to hear that 2.(2017·云南)—_______? —I want to buy a pair of sports shoes. ( ) 17 A.What’s wrong B.What can I do for you C.How much is it D.What does it look like 3.(2017·云南)—Don’t throw rubbish everywhere,please.Building a civilized(文明的) city is our duty. —_____. ( ) A.OK,I will B.You are joking C.Take it easy D.Sorry,I won’t 4.(2017·云南)—It’s a little cold.Would you mind closing the window? —_____.I will do it right away. ( ) A.Forget it B.No,you can’t C.Not at all D.Of course 5.(2017·武汉)—How is everything going? —_____. ( ) A.Everything is finished B.Nothing has been done C.Not so bad,you know D.Not doing wrong,you see 6.(2017·甘肃)—Do you think it’s going to rain this afternoon? —____.We’re just planning to have a picnic later this afternoon. ( ) A.I hope not B.I expect so C.Yes,it was D.No,I won’t 7.(2017·天津)—We have won the first prize in the match! —____.( ) A.Never mind. B.Nice work! 17 C.Have a good trip! D.Wait a moment! 8.(2017·荆州)—It’s nearly lunch time.How about having some noodles and dumplings? —_____. ( ) A.You’re welcome B.That’s right C.That’s nice of you D.That sounds good 9.(2017·苏州)—He’s too short to be a successful basketball player. —_____.Every dog has its day. ( ) A.I think so B.It’s hard to say C.That’s right D.You’d better not 10.(2017·长春)—Would you like to go to the movies with me this Sunday? —_____.I’ll be free that day. ( ) A.Sorry,I can’t B.Yes,I do C.Yes,I’d love to D.No,I wouldn’t 11.(2017·盐城)—I had a very good time at the charity show.Thanks for your invitation. —_____. ( ) A.All right B.You are welcome C.Good luck to you D.Not too bad 12.(2017·泰州)—Mum,I’ll take an important test tomorrow. —Don’t be nervous.____,Sandy! ( ) A.Good luck B.Good idea C.Well done D.Have a good time 13.(2017·滨州)—Our team lost the basketball game and I feel very sad. —_______.I believe you can do better next time. ( ) 17 A.It’s right B.It’s exciting C.It’s not a big deal D.It’s not a good idea 14.(2017·温州)—Mum,I’m going to school now.See you. —______,Mary. ( ) A.Here we go B.Wait a moment C.My pleasure D.Have a nice day 15.(2017·上海)—______ —Congratulations! ( ) A.Sorry for breaking the glass. B.How are you feeling today? C.I was awarded first prize in the writing contest. D.Why not take the underground to the university? 答案:BBDCCABDBCBACDC 17查看更多