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14种技巧解尽高考英语完形填空
14种技巧解尽高考英语完形填空 完型填空是英语考试中常见的一种题型,这种题被专家称为障碍性阅读,也是高考中考生丢分最多,最为棘手的题型之一。完型填空既考察对语法,短语搭配,句型等基础知识的运用,还有对短文内容的分析概括能力以及不同语境中不同知识的运用。许多同学在做完型填空的都是都有过“满江红”的经历,总是做一片错一片,看着每一个选项都是“似是而非”,面对选项不知道从何入手。那么到底怎么样才能做好完型填空,将失误率降到最小呢?下面我们来介绍几种方法,让你轻松突破“满江红”。 1. 跳读首尾句进行预测 一般来讲,高考完形填空的首、尾句通常是不挖空的。建议同学先跳读这两句,便可判断体裁,猜想它要讲什么。若首句交代了when, where, who, what,即四个W,那么就是记叙文,很可能就是一个故事,为了测试语篇的理解能力,出题者特别注意选材的趣味性,其结尾往往出人意料,耐人寻味;若首句是提出或解释说明某事物,一般来说是说明文;若首句提出一个论点,那么就是议论文。 首句往往开宗明义,是文章的主题。细读首句可启示全文。而尾句又往往是对文章主题的总结。所以,它们是了解文章大意的一个窗口,对我们理解全文有着重要的启示作用。因此,要充分利用段首句提供的信息,去挖掘文章的思路,寻找文章的脉络与线索。 Evelyn Glennie was the first lady of solo percussion in Scotland. In an interview, she recalled how she became a percussion soloist (打击乐器独奏演员) in spite of her disability. 本文主要讲述的是苏格兰第一位女打击乐器独奏演员Evelyn Glennie在耳聋的情况下成功学习打击乐器的经历。根据首句给出的信息,下面我们可以猜想Evelyn Glennie学习打击乐器过程必然充满困难,而能够在耳聋的情况下学习打击乐器,Evelyn Glennie对音乐肯定也是充满热情的。 2.利用语法分析解题 完形填空虽然以语境填空为主,但也有部分考查语法项目的题目。对于这类题,考生可以利用平时所学的词汇知识,分析单词(组)的使用范围、动词的及物和不及物,并利用句子结构、句式特点等知识全面衡量所有选项排除干扰。 ___51___do you suppose he asked for them? A. What B. How C. Who D. Which 【解析】本题中,do you suppose为插入成分。he asked for them是一个相对独立和完整的句子,因此空格处应该用副词How来修饰谓语动词asked,而不能用代词What, Who或 Which。 ___8___ I had been born in the 16th century, I would have had no job. A. Because B. While C. If D. Since 【解析】根据后面的I had been born in the 16th century可知这只是个假设,是一个虚拟语气的条件句。故前面要用if引导。 3. 利用固定搭配解题 完形填空题中对词汇知识的考查,主要体现在习惯用法和同义词、近义词的辨析两方面。习惯用法是英语中某种固定的结构形态,即所谓的“习语”,不能随意改动。所以,考生平时应掌握好习惯用法。对词义辨析题的考查有加大力度的趋势。要做好这类题,需要有较大的词汇量和词语搭配能力、词语辨析能力,特别是在特定的语境中能灵活运用的能力。如: They could’t read or write. They didn’t like to work and they never ___12___ baths. A. took B. washed C. ran D. covered 【解析】本题考查的是固定搭配take a bath,意为“洗澡”。 I did very badly at school. My headmaster thought I was useless and when I was 14 he said, “You’re never going to be ___2___ but a failure.” A. anything B. something C. everything D. nothing 【解析】本题考查习语anything but,意为“决不”“根本不”,即校长认为我肯定是一个失败的人。 4. 利用固定句型解题 完形填空虽然注重考查语境理解,但同时也会考到一些固定句型,考生掌握好这些句型,对确定题目的答案很有帮助。如: I haven’t had a phone in the house for three weeks now, and it’s several days ___19___ I used a phone box. A. as B. when C. if D. since 【解析】本题考查的是it’s…since…句型,意为“自从……已(多长时间了)”。这句话的意思是“自从我上次打投币电话已经有好几天了”。 It wasn’t long ___18___the police caught the thief. 18. A. after B. when C. before D. until 【解析】It wasn’t long before…是常用句型,意为“不久就……”。这里说的是不久警察就把小偷捉到了。 “Why ___14___ you take a big man with you? You have to fight the sailor who is drunk.” 14. A. Don’t B. couldn’t C. can’t D. do 【解析】Why don’t you do sth?是表示建议的固定句型,意为“为何不……?”。 5. 利用复现信息解题 语篇复现的信息包括原词复现、同义词和反义词复现、上义词和下义词复现、概括词复现和代词复现等。语篇中有词汇和结构同现的现象,如与语篇话题相关、意义相关的词汇同时出现,结构同现,同义同现,修饰同现,因果同现等。因此,利用上下文寻找解题信息,确定正确答案。 First of all, I respected his ___3___ to teaching. Because his lectures were always well-prepared and clearly delivered,, students crowded into his classroom. A. attention B. introduction C. relation D. Devotion 解析】空格后面的句子说到教授的讲座准备充分、讲解清楚(well-prepared and clearly delivered),由此可知教授为教育做出了很大的贡献,devotion to sth意为“对……贡献……”,与下文相通。 I put my head in, expecting the worst. But to my surprise, the room wasn’t empty at all. It had furniture, curtains, a TV, and even paintings on the wall. And then on the well-made bed sat Amy, my new ___44___, dressed neatly. A. roommate B. classmate C. neighbor D. companion 【分析】名词同现,空格前出现了room, furniture, curtains, a TV等同现信息可知坐在铺好的床上的是“我”的室友。 6. 利用跳读法解题 一般而言,完形填空要填的20空中总有一些空是相对简单的。 对于这类空格考生可以先将其确定下来,之后再逐个去突破其他空。跳过那些不太容易得出答案的题。切忌做题时循规蹈矩地一个顺着一个地去完成。 “Visitors!” repeated Josh, wide awake at once. He___1___ up and looked around. A short distance away, a group of___2___ stood quietly watching us. One of them ___3___ walking toward us. We both jumped to our ___4___ not knowing what to expect. 1. A. sat B. stayed C. thought D. put 2. A. pilots B. natives C. editors D. assistants 3. A. avoided B. delayed C. began D. desired 4. A. boat B. car C. horses D. feet 【解析】在通读全文的第一遍中,我们可以很容易地将第四空填出来,这是固定搭配jump to one’s feet (跳起来);由此也可推出第三空的答案C,因为有人开始向“我们”走了过来,所以“我们”才跳了起来;再根据第一空前面的wide-awake可知,此处指的应该是“我和Josh完全清醒,坐起来,环顾四周”,所以第一空的答案为A;最后,根据句首Visitors可推知第二空的答案为B。 7. 巧用排除法解题 在有些情况下,考生如果不能很有把握地直接得出某一道题的答案,可以把排除法和词汇、语法分析结合起来运用,缩小选择的范围,提高正确率。如: the woman looked carefully at me ___5___ through her glasses, and then questioned me in a low voice. A. as usual B. for a while C. in a minute D. once again 【解析】这篇文章讲述的是没有工作经验的作者找到工作的故事。此题的解题关键词是carefully,既然是“认真地看”,就不会是in a minute (立刻、马上);既然互不相识,作者也 未曾去找过工作,不会是as usual(像往常一样);前面没说已经打量过作者一次了,所以用once again(再一次)是不合理的。 He put the books into the return box. And after a brief ___6___ in the toilet, he would be on his way to the playground to meet Eric. A. rest B. break C. walk D. stop 【解析】此题答案为D。人不可能在厕所里休息(rest, break)或是散步(walk),由此排除另外三个选项。 When I started playing ___19___ him, he told me I needed to relax because I looked nervous. 19. A. at B. by C. for D. around 【解析】此题用排除法,by 和around都有“在……旁边”的意思,要选都要选,故排除这两个答案,play at后接游戏名,是“做……游戏”的意思,也可排除。故答案为C。 8. 利用逻辑关系解题 尝试从逻辑关系的高度整体上把握,就会不无惊喜地发现逻辑关系才是征服完形填空的最佳途径。所谓逻辑关系并不缥缈,它就隐藏在句子中、句与句之间以及段落的衔接中。通过逻辑关系的方法,我们可以通过确切、具体的线索,把答案的逻辑意义推测出来,从而在答案中寻找表现了相同逻辑意义的选项。这样做,使得题目的难度大大降低。 (1) 句中逻辑关系 Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elements usually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and___45___nitrogen. They are different in that their elements are arranged differently, and each vitamin performs one or more specific functions in the body. A. mostly B. partly C. sometimes D. rarely 【解析】短文中的usually和and是本题逻辑推理的线索。And前后构成了并列关系,即and前的 usually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen 这些维生素成分和and 后面的 nitrogen 成分形成并列关系,相应修饰 carbon, hydrogen, oxygen 的usually必然和修饰 nitrogen 的45空的词构成一一对应的逻辑关系。鉴于此,在45空考虑填入的应是和usually相对应的频度副词,而语义与usually略有不同。mostly 和partly都表示了部分、量的含义,与频度无关。rarely(很少地, 罕有地)虽表示了频度关系,但其意义与usually相反,不符合一一对应的一致性,因此排除。只有C项sometimes(不时,有时)恰到好处地表示了and前后两部分的逻辑对应。故选C。 (2) 句间逻辑关系 在此,我们发现所谓逻辑关系并不抽象,它往往通过转折、让步、递进、因果等明确的逻辑关系词来体现。当然,句子的逻辑关系也不一定体现在一句话的内部,它还可以渗透到篇章的层面上,在句与句之间表现出来。如: Ms Cleveland does not keep her workers on a short leash. ___13___, she encourages them to get ___14___ ways to do business. A. Still B. Yet C. Instead D. While 【解析】根据前后句子的意思可推出两句间的逻辑关系是转折,意思是“Old Mr Cleveland把工人用带子捆绑起来(没有任何自由),而她不那样,相反(instead)她鼓励雇员”。 (3) 段间逻辑关系 这种逻辑关系主要体现在段落之间的衔接上。如: Not everyone sees that process in perspective. It is important to do so. It is generally recognized, ___29___, that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, followed by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, although its impact in the media was not immediately apparent. A. indeed B. hence C. however D. Therefore 【解析】这里有两种情况,第一可能是第二段前后的逻辑体现;第二就是段落的前后衔接。但是,这个题出现在第二段的第一句 ,那么,从完形填空注重逻辑关系的命题思路来看,我们优先考虑第二种情况。前段末句意为“不是每个人都能够正确看待这个进程”。而第二段首句为“大家普遍认为”,显然这两者之间存在了逻辑意义上的相反,此处可能体现了一种转折关系。故选C。 9. 巧用背景常识解题 解答完形填空题时,有时文章中提供的信息还不够,还需要把读者头脑中储存的一般知识信息结合起来考虑,最后作出符合常识的最佳答案。因此,考生的知识范围越广,则对文章的 理解会更容易,整体上知道所选短文在说什么,那么局部上的每一个空填起来也会得心应手。因此解答完形填空题时,考生的英语语言知识和有关世界的知识,都发挥着重要的作用。当对语言的把握不很准确时,可充分利用自己已掌握的文化背景和生活常识,巧妙地加以运用,先找出并理解文章主题和主线,并根据主题猜测细节,注意从重复出现的词语中寻找、体会文章表达的氛围。这样将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程,节省宝贵的时间,顺利地沿作者的思路阅读下去。如: After ___2___ the British flag at the Pole, they took a photograph of themselves before they started the 950-mile journey back. A. Growing B. putting C. planting D. laying 【解析】根据常识,南极地区冰雪覆盖,须费好大的劲将旗插进极地,plant在这里的意思是“安插”“插牢”,故答案为C planting。 Salina Joe began to ___2___ when she was one-year old. A. say B. Cry C. Sing D. talk 【解析】根据常识判断,婴儿在一岁的时候应该是开始学说话,而不是学哭或学唱歌,故答案只能在A、D之间选出。又因为say是及物动词,其后面需接宾语,而talk是不及物动词,其后不需要接宾语,故正确答案为D。 10. 利用对比结构解题 对比结构常把两种对立的事物或同一事物的两个不同方面并列出来加以比较或对比。高考完形填空题常常利用句子之间的对比关系或者同一个句子的不同部分之间的对比关系设计题目。如: A pupil who can do his homework in a quiet and___59___room is in a much better position than a pupil who does his homework in a small, noisy room with the television on. A. furnished B. expensive C. comfortable D. suitable 【分析】本题利用相似短语之间的对比关系来命题。设空部分与下文的a small, noisy room with the television on存在对比关系。作者想借此说明“相同的作业”对于“不同家庭背景的学生”所表现出的事实上的不公平。答案为C。 11. 利用平行结构解题 平行结构指的是结构相同或相似,意思密切关联,语法一致的句子或词组成串排列的语言现象。这些结构的形式整齐匀称,内容联系紧密。命题者常从平行结构的句式相同或相似这一角度,利用其表现意义的关联或对比这一特点来设空。高考完形填空短文常常会出现这样一些平行结构,掌握这些结构极为相似的句子可大大提高我们的解题效率。如: Many people now think that teachers give pupils too much homework. They say that it is___51___for children to work at home in their free time. ___52___, they argue that most teachers do not___53___ plan the homework tasks they give to pupils. 51. A. unnecessary B. uninteresting C. unfortunate D. unimportant 52. A. Nevertheless B. however C. Therefore D. Moreover 53. A. considerably B. favorably C. properly D. pleasantly 【解析】排比结构由Many people think that...They say that...they argue that...所组成。在意义上表现了人们(学生家长)对学生课业负担过重的抱怨。该结构中所设置的三个空格的正确填入,要求考生首先把握结构所体现的“主题” —— 抱怨作业太多。其次,要求考生理解三句之间在表达意义上的递进关系。即:作业过多“too much homework”;所以,课余学生在家做作业是没必要的“unnecessary”;不仅如此,教师对作业的设计也不合适“not properly”。故答案分别为A、D、C。 12.利用暗示和对应解题 完形填空题中虽然也穿插了对语法、短语和词的辨析、句子结构的考查等,但对文章故事情节发展线索的逻辑考查仍是重点。暗示与上下对应的思维方法,是突破此类完形填空最关键的思维方式。考生在做题时要有全局观念,进行连贯性思维,做题时要把每个空白处的含义与前后句的意思联系起来理解,进行合乎逻辑的推理判断。难选之处前后通常多有暗示,这种暗示多为后面暗示前面。如: ...he would join student groups to discuss a variety of ___47___: agriculture, diving and mathematics. A. questions B. subjects C. matters D. contents 【解析】此题后面的冒号部分有提示:agriculture,diving and mathematics是他们谈话讨论的话题,由此可得出本题的答案为B。 13.根据文章的感情色彩解题 考生在第一遍通读时,应在掌握文章大意,弄清作者思路的基础上,着重寻找反映语境褒贬性的标志性词汇或句子,这些标志性词汇或句子往往对文章的语境褒贬性起着决定性的作用。如: When Ed first phoned and ___37___(suggested) we play, I 1aughed quietly, figuring on an ___38___(easy) victory. After all, Ed’s idea of ___ 39___ (exercise) has always been nothing more ___40___(effort-making) than lifting a fork to his mouth. ___41___(As long as) I can remember, Ed’s been the least physically fit member in the family, and ___42___(strangely) proud of himself. His big stomach has always ballooned out between his T-shirt and trousers. 【解析】读这一部分,我们明显看到作者是看不清Ed的,用词有laughed, victory, nothing more than, least fit, strangely, big stomach等。在这样的描述下,人们就会很容易地想到, “我”与Ed比赛,那简直易如反掌(an easy victory),在“我”眼中他那么差,然而他却以自己为自豪,我们怎么会觉得不奇怪(strangely)呢?因此从对人物反面的描述,我们得出这些答案就不难了。 I was so surprised that I was ___47___(speechless). My cousin must have made an effort to get himself into shape. ___48___(As a result), at the point in our game when I’d have predicted the score to be about 9 to 1 in my favor, it was ___49___(instead) 7 to 9 and Ed was 50 (leading). 【解析】surprised 一词道出了情况的转折,我们可以看到这时作者用词的转变。made an effort,get into shape 等这些褒义词的使用对这些空的选择起到了很好的引导作用。speechless, instead 都是由惊讶得出的。 The homeless make up a growing percentage of America’s population. ___1___ homelessness has reached such proportions that local government can’t possibly ___2___. To help homeless people___3___independence, the federal government must support job training programs, ___4___the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing. 1. A. Indeed B. Likewise C Therefore D Furthermore 2.A stand B cope C approve D retain 3.A in B for C with D toward 4.A raise B add C take D keep 1.【正确答案】A 【考查重点】语义衔接/逻辑衔接 【解题过程】The homeless make up a growing percentage of America's population. , homelessness has reached such proportions that...。"无家可归者在美国人口中占越来越大的比例。……无家可归者所占的比例已经达到如此地步,以至于……。" 选项A. indeed表示强调;B. likewise与……相似;C. therefore因此(强调结果);D. furthermore进一步说(表示递进)。根据前一句"make up a growing percentage"与后一句"reach such proportion that"确定后者是对前者的例证强调。因此,正确答案为A。 2. 【正确答案】B 【考查重点】语义衔接 【解题过程】本题目选择动词在定语从句中充当谓语。...homelessness has reached such proportions that local government can't possibly . "无家可归者所占的比例已经达到地方政府都无法……的地步。"选项A. stand 忍受;B. cope (成功地)对付,应对;C. approve 赞成,批准;D. retain 保留。stand作为及物动词在句子中要直接连接宾语,但是句子中没有宾语,因此该词不符合句子结构; cope作为不及物动词,可以在句子中表达完整的含义;C、D项与句意不符。因此,正确答案为B。 3. 【正确答案】D 【考查重点】语义衔接 【解题过程】本题目选择介词,选择介词与句子中的动词有直接关系。原文意为:帮助无家可归者达到独立。D项toward意为"达成,意在达到,以……为目标"。C项with可与help构成搭配to help sb. with sth."帮助某人做某事",与题意不符。因此,正确答案为D。 4. 【正确答案】A 【考查重点】语义衔接 【解题过程】the federal government must support job training programs, the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing. "联邦政府必须提供就业培训项目,……最低工资标准,资助建设更多低价住房。" 句子中"the minimum wage"与前面的短语"support job training program提供就业培训项目"和后面的短语"fund more lowcost housing资助建设更多低价住房"是并列关系。由提供信息确定选择"提高"之意。raise增加,提高,"提高最低工资标准",符合句子含义; add也意为"增加",但它的宾语一般是具体数字。因此,正确答案为A。 考生要看懂第一话,为了帮助the homeless,所以选项必须全部支持这个主题,要选择与主题态度相关的词。 14. 综合利用各种线索解题 完形填空题主要考查短文阅读理解的能力。因此考生必须阅读全文,弄清句子与句子之间的关系,准确理解全文。为了答好题,考生必须从字里行间寻找能够利用的线索。如书写和形态变化线索(graphic and morphological clues)、词汇线索(lexical clues)、句法线索(syntactical clues)、社会文化线索(socio-cultural clues),并根据有关的线索进行猜测,作出合理的判断。如: And the clerk confirmed that his plane was leaving at nine o’clock three days from that day… Since he was ___44___ in three days, Andy didn’t lose anytime. A. moving B. returning C. staying D. leaving 【解析】单从这句来看,考生实难判断出正确答案,但如果结合前文,就可以找到设空部分的解题线索——上文中出现的词汇leaving。故本题答案为D。 有时题目的答案在短文中就有出现,如能找出线索,解题就易如反掌。如: Many experts believe parents should gently look over the work of younger children and ask them to rethink their A. exercises B. defects C. mistakes D. tests 【解析】许多专家认为家长应简单地看看孩子的作业,并让他们自己重新思考自己做的练习。 能与句中work照应的只有选项A。 巧用“线索法”做英语完形填空题 A formal letter is very different from an informal letter. Formal letters ___1___ to businesses ,schools or government offices. ___2___ letters are for relatives, or former(以前的) teachers. You may write an informal letter by hand, but you should ___3___ a formal letter. 1. A. send B. are written C. write D. are dropped 2. A. Informal B. Formal C. Business D. Relative 3. A. copy B. type C. write D. share 【解析】 1. 选B。该句缺少谓语动词,而写信应用被动语态。该句意为“正式书信是写给商业部门、学校……”。D虽用了被动,但搭配不当。Drop sb a line为“给人写信(短信)”。 2. 选A。前面说的是正式书信,这里说的是写给亲戚、好友或以前的老师的,较随便,即非正式书信。 3. 选B。通过but可知,此处说的是非正式书信与正式书信的写作方式的不同,非正式书信可以手写,但正式书信要正规得多,得打字。 1.巧用因果关系线索解题 即根据上下文的因果关系进行推断,从而得出所需答案。如: It was a strange noise that made the man___1___ his car soon after he left a village ___2___ London. He got out of his car and ___3___ the wheels(车轮) carefully, but as he found nothing ___4___he continued his way. 1. A. start B. stop C. slow D. speed 2. A. to B. for C. from D. of 3. A. repaired B. examined C. cleaned D. looked 4. A. wrong B. danger C. interesting D. matter 【解析】 1. 选B。他在去伦敦的路上,一阵奇怪的声音驱使他把车停了下来。这可从He got out of his car…推测出来。 2. 选B。leave…for…是个固定短语,意为“离开……到……”。 3. 选B。在听到奇怪的声音后,他停下车来仔细检查轮胎(看看出现了什么问题)。 4. 选A。从下句“他又继续赶路了”可知,“因为他没有发现毛病”。nothing wrong意为“没有毛病”。 2.巧用具体示例线索解题 即根据文章中所提供的具体实例进行分析,将与具体示例有关的信息进行优选,将与具体示例无关的信息进行排除,从而便可得出所需答案。如: Every student must wear their ___1___ when they are at school. There are ___2___ items of uniforms: suits, dresses ,shorts, skirts and T-shirts. There are also Wasley schoolbags, caps and socks. 1. A. long hair B. thick glasses C. sports shoes D. school uniforms 2. A. much B. three C. many D. a lot 【解析】 1. 选D。本段谈论的是在校生穿校服的事情,而不是穿运动鞋,蓄长发、戴墨镜并不是学校所提倡的。 2. 选C。suits, dresses, shorts, skirts and T-shirts等是服装的个例,前面只有填“校服”才与之相配。 Though he is serious in appearance, he never fails to be interesting. Often he is clever, sometimes even ______ and gay… A. worried B. bright C. discouraging D. friendly 【解析】从Often he is clever来看,此处话题谈论的是“他的智慧/聪明”,而even一词也暗示此处应填bright,因bright与clever为同义词,均为“聪明”。 As it turned out, my little publication wenton to become Student, a national magazine for young people in the U.K. My wife and I have two children, and I’d like to think we are bringing them up in the same way Dad ______ me. A. controlled B. comforted C. reminded D. raised 【解析】句中的 in the same way 告诉我们,空格处所填动词应与前面的动词 bring up(培养,养育)同义,比较四个选项,答案显然是 D项。 3.巧用逻辑顺序线索解题 即根据文章所提供的内容,同时结合一定的生活常识,对所推断的内容进行逻辑推理和逻辑顺序。如: I went to Wasley College with Winnic today. Wasley is a large, old ___1___. It has three branch campuses(分校): Clunes, Glen Waverly and Elasterwick. It has a primary school, a ___2___ school and a senior school. So there are twelve grades of ___3___ studying there. 1. A. school B. factory C. movie D. hospital 2. A. night B. junior C. high D. spare-time 3. A. workers B. boys C. students D. teachers 【解析】 1. 选A。从下句话It has three branch campuses来看,Wasley是一所学校。 2. 选B。从空缺处所在的位置来看,界于primary和senior之间的学校当然属于junior。这就是说是顺序推测出来的。 3. 选C。既然是在此学习,他们当然是students了。 4. 巧用语篇标志线索解题 语篇一般指比单个句子长的语言单位,如句群、段落、篇章等。语篇与语篇之间往往有表明其内在联系的词语,这些词语可称为语篇标志。如:表示结果层次的语篇标志语有 firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally等;表示逻辑关系的有thus, therefore, so等;表示改变话题的有by the way等;表示时间关系的有before, so far, yet, now, later等。在做完形填空题时,如果能充分利用这些语篇标志语,就可以迅速理清文章的脉络,弄清上下文的关系。如: First of all, I respected his devotion to teaching…______, I admired the fact that he would talk to students outside the classroom or talk…Finally, I was attracted by his lively sense of humor. A. Later B. Secondly C. However D. Therefore 【解析】选B。考生如果注意到了文章上下文中的语篇标志词语first of all 和 finally,再比较四个选项,显然只有选secondly最恰当。 I realized strength and courage aren’t always measured in medals and victories, but in the struggles we overcome(战胜).The strongest people are not always the people who win, ______ the people who don’t give up when they lose. A. or B. nor C. and D. but 【解析】句中的 the people who win 与the people who don’t give up when they lose 是两个表达十分相似的结构,比较其中的win和lose可知,前后两个结构属对比关系,估计应填but,再结合句中的not,并联想 not…but…句式,可以推知,此题最佳答案应选 D。 The correct water supply forecast is based more on the water from the ______ than from the below. A. clouds B. sky C. air D. above 【解析】more from…than from… 是一个明显用于对比的结构,根据后面的the below可知,前面应是 the above,即答案选 D。 5. 巧用语境暗示线索解题 有的空格根据所在句的句意或附近上下文的语境我们无法作出正确的选择,要想作出正确判断,同学们应特别注意空格前后所出现的相关词语,尤其注意找出其中重复出现的暗示性词语。如: Four students from Burlington College of Higher Education are in the bell tower of the ______ have made up their minds to ring the bells nonstop for two weeks as a protest (抗议)against heavy trucks which run day and night through the narrow High Street. A. college B. village C. town D. church 【解析】选 D。若仅就本句内容来看,此题答案不好选择,但当我们读到文章末尾处的 I mean we are assistant bell ringers for the church时,我们才便可根据其中的 church 一词作出判断。 But then again, would there be a chair in Room316? Or would it be a(n) ______ room? A. small B. empty C. new D. neat 【解析】选B。若仅从本句来看,似乎四个选项都不错,但要想确定其中的最佳答案,考生应注意到文章后半部分的 But to my surprise, the room wasn’t empty at all! It had furniture, curtains, a TV, and seven paintings on the walls.这一句。 高考英语完形填空的备考策略与技巧 1. 依据上下文确定答案的法则:从近几年的完形填空题看,近义词或近义短语的测试力度逐渐加强,并成为测试热点。四个选项不是词义相近,要不就是近义动词的同一种时态的现象,或名词的单复数搭配。若选项词义差异很大,必然文章中藏有提示语,正因如此,往往第一个选项有时需要读完全篇短文才能准确回答。 2. 词语语义与强于语法原则:完型填空题的首句不留空,目的就是告知短文的故事的四要素:地点、时间、人物和事由。再则,单纯语法题已基本退出该题型的测试范畴,所以,指导学生时,首先要告知他们这类现象。尽管四个选项的词语都符合语法规则,然而该题的解答必须遵循先全面理解篇章语义,再结合正确语言结构对每个空格作出准确无误的抉择。 3. 解题四步法原则: 第一步:跳读。带着空格通读全文,了解短文大意,判别短文文体,同时能将会做的题及时解决掉。 第二步:选答。这一步最为关键,要求考生对每一道题进行认真推敲,但是要告诫他们万万不可按照题的顺序答题,对那些不能拿不准的题先跳过去,遵循先易后难的解题原则。 第三步:推敲。这实际上就是要求考生对完形填空短文的篇章作通盘考虑,把其中一些需要依据上下文语境来考虑的比较难解答的题,以及句子之间和段落之间的逻辑关联较强的认真推敲,甄别,筛选和抉择。 第四步:复查。这是解答这类题的最后一步,要求考生解完题之后务必再把文章通读一遍,从整体上准确把握文章的真正意思,及时修改与全文有出入的一些选项。 应试技巧一:语境信息解题法: 近几年的完形填空题淡化了语法结构性的题,选项重在语意干扰,也就是说,对具体的语言知识应该融入具体的语境中去考虑,考生应具有通过上下文提示、暗示或铺垫,对篇章进行整体上的把握的能力。所以,快速浏览全文,迅速领悟篇章主旨,通过上下文语境选择答案选项乃解决完形填空的关键。 4) Our __47__ challenge was to keep the rock mixture __48__ enough. 47. A. next B. first C. past D. previous 48. A. cold B. wet C. loose D. clean 【题解:47. 答案为A项。短文前面提到第一个挑战是发电的问题,那么接下来的挑战就是如何保持温度的问题。48. 答案为B项。从下文提到的洒水车等事情,我们可以判断出这儿应该是“保持湿度”的语意。】 5)… Still others faced the storm bravely, walking miles to get to work. I __40__ to be one of people on the way to work that morning. I went from subway line tosubway line only to find that most __41__ had stopped. After making my way through crowdsof people, I finally found a subway line that was __43__.... 40. A. used B. promised C. deserved D. happened 41. A. practice B. routine C. process D. service … 43. A. operating B. cycling C. turning D. rushing 【40. D项。从前面一句话和本句中one of people可知,作者当天上午碰巧也是去上班的人之一;41.D项。从上下文可知,由于风暴大部分地铁线路停运,所以唯有service符合题意;43. A项。从上下文的语境中我们可知道作者最后找到有一条地铁线还在营业,operating本身含有“营业的”意思,相当于be onservice。】 6) After the birth of my second child, I got a job at a restaurant. Having worked with an experienced __36__ for a few days, I was __37__ to wait tables on my own. All went __38__that first week 36. A. manager B. assistant C. cook D. waitress 37. A. promised B. invited C. allowed D. advised 38. A. well B. quickly C. safely D. wrong 【36. D项。根据下文“I was allowed to wait tables on my own”可以判断,作者是和有经验的女侍者一起工作了几天;37. C项。从上下文可知,几天后作者被允许单独做餐饮招待服务了;38. A项。有下文可以判断出,她的第一周工作非常顺手,没出意外。】 应试技巧二:语法结构法: 高考完形填空题基本都是在语境中考查考生对语法知识的掌握程度,单纯考查这类题很少。而在完形填空题中考察语法项目的主要是动词的各种时态、语态和语气、谓语和非谓语形式等。所以这类题需要考生有较为扎实的语法基础知识,能够从句式的结构上辨别出须填相关的关联词、连词、副词、形容词或相应的动词,当然还要考虑到主谓一致的关系等语法知识要点。不过,切记解答这类题,必须是任何空格的语法正确的前提下,再考虑其他方面因素。 7) When it was 5:00pm, I was ready to go home. I was about to turn off my computer__49__ I received an email from Garth, my Director. A. while B. when C. where D. after 【49. B项,这儿when的意思是just at the moment, 与前面的when意思不一样,A项的while无此意,D项的after不符合行为交互逻辑,C项完全是错误的。】 8) “I have been a soloist for over ten years. __53__ the doctor thought I was totally deaf, itdidn’t __54__ that my passion couldn’t be realized. 53. A. However B. Although C. When D. Since 54. A. mean B. seem C. conclude D. say 【53. B项,由第二段的内容以及本句的句意“尽管医生认为我已经全聋了,但是这并不意味着我的热情会消失。”,故此处应为让步状语从句;54. A项,由句意可知。】 应试技巧三:复现解题法:这类题多为同义词、近义词和反义词的复现或同义词、近义词和反义词异形复现的形式。这种测试手法主要是考查考生的整体篇章意识和上下文推断能力。 9)In particular, there was (and perhaps still is) a belief in fairies. Not all of these __21__are the frien dly, people-loving characters that appear in Disney films, and in some folk-talesthey are __22__ and cause much human suffering. 21. A. babies B. believes C. fairies D. supermen 22. A. powerful B. cruel C. frightened D. extraordinary 【21. C项,同义原词的复现;22. B项,异形近义词的复现】 10)On August 26, 1999, New York City was struck by a terrible rainstorm. The rain causedthe streets to __36__ and the subway system almost came to a stop. 36. A. break B. flood C. sink D. crash 【36. B项,异形近义词的复现】 11)Garth’s email was short, but I learned more from that __52__ message than I ever didfrom a textbook. A. accurate B. urgent C. brief D. humorous 【52. C项,异形同义词的复现】 应试技巧四:固定搭配解题法:这类题与语法结构题有点类似,但主要惯用搭配,讲究词与词的搭配,涉及到关联词、动词、副词、形容词、名词和短语等。 12) Telling him that he no longer needed to enjoy them but I still needed to write them, I__28__ until the day he graduated. 28. A. held up B. gave up C. followed D. continued 【28. D项。由句意可知,“尽管儿子不愿意再收到我的字条,但是我依然坚持写到他毕业为止。”这道题实际上是一道固定搭配题,其结构为not…until,但句中没有否定副词not,再则,若A、B两项短语用于这一结构中须与not连用,故不合题意;C项的followed应为及物动词,后面需加宾语方可,再则followed在此有歧义,也不合题意,由于continue是延续性动词,所以,无需否定副词,在这一固定搭配中只有瞬间动词才与not连用。】 13) He had spent those years well, graduating from college, __30__ two internships(实习) inWashington, D.C, and finally, becoming a technical assistant in Sacramento. 30. A. organizing B. planning C. comparing D. completing 【30. D项。大学毕业之后,又实习了两个学期,最后在萨克拉门托做一名技术助理。这儿指完成实习,故惟有completing符合题意。】 应试技巧五:逻辑语气解题法:这类题主要是通过分了解全文的人物、时间、地点等信息之后,再分析句子与句子之间的关系,段落与段落之间的关系来解题。这种逻辑语气主要包含并列、递进、因果、转折和委婉语气等等。这类题的选项多为连词、副词或具有连词意义的各类短语。 14) All went well that first week. When Saturday night came, I was luckily given the tablesnot far from the kitchen. __40__, I still felt it a little hard to carry the heavy trays. 40. A.Therefore B. However C. Otherwise D. Finally 【40. B项。从整篇文章来看,在这儿只是一个转折语气,表示在前一个星期的顺利,在这一天却遇到了一些麻烦。Therefore是递进语气,finally也属递进语气,但表示是最后一步的语气,多指结论性的行为,不符合题意;otherwise虽属转折语气,但多为推断或假设否定语气,而本文所叙述的是真实事例的呈现,所以,惟有however符合题意。】 15) He had spent those years well, graduating from college, completing two internships(实习) in Washington, D.C, and __31__, becoming a technical assistant in Sacramento. 31. A. hopefully B. finally C. particularly D. certainly 【31. B项。有上文及全句的意思可知,在这儿是作者六年求学和工作的最后一个环节,表示毕业之后找到了一份工作,从预期上讲,应该是结论性的,所以,惟有finally符合题意。】 在进行有关逻辑语气题时,必须要符合原文的意思,要瞻前顾后,审慎分析,细心推断,密切注意相关连词的连用,注意语气的变化,应从细节着手。 应试技巧六:利用文化背景和生活常识解题法:高考完型填空题的命题形式均为独立的语篇形式,并交织和渗透着各类相关的常识与文化背景知识。这类题主要是考查考生应该把 握的英美国家的文化背景知识和生活常识,但是一旦将这些知识放到具体的场合中进行考查时,有些考生可能就不会灵活地加以运用他们所学过的知识。因此在解题时,考生所学的语言知识和其他有关英美国家的文化背景知识在考试中都会发挥重要作用,唯有在无法准确把握语言知识时,可充分利用所学的社会知识和科普知识进行语境判断。 16) Yesterday the sales office rang us to say the car was __23__. A. right B. ready C. fixed D. sold 【23. 答案为B项。依据生活常识,买车前一般要提前预订,因此这里的意思是销售部打来电话通知作者,他们的车已经到了,让他们前去提车。】 备考高考英语完形填空的八点注意 一、注意前后语境 考查考生根据上下文提供的信息进行分析及推理的能力。高考的完形填空题中绝大多数属这种题型。有的根据上文、有的根据下文、有的要上下文结合,甚至通篇看完并理解才能作出正确的选择。请看下面广东卷中的一个小题(题中保留了原题中的题号,下同): "As a matter of fact, I've got someone in the office at.this very moment who might ___49___." She wrotedown a number, and held it out to me, saying: "Ringup this lady. She wants a cook immediately. In fact,you would have to start tomorrow by cooking adinner for ten people"49. A. hire B. accept C. suit D. offer 【分析】根据下文,这个妇女告诉他第二天可以去上班了,可见,她认为作者是适合(suit)的。 二、注意固定搭配 考查考生对常见的英语固定短语和习惯用法的掌握情况。如动词与名词的搭配;动词与介词或副词的搭配;介词与名词的搭配等。这类搭配在高考完形填空中时有出现。请看下面全国卷中的一个小题: I admired the fact that he would talk to students outside the classroom or talk with them___44___the telephone. 44. A. with B. by C. from D. on 【分析】表示“通过电话”交谈,用on the telephone 或by telephone,这是习惯搭配。 三、注意词语辨析 考查考生在特定语境中区别近义词的能力。四个选项词性相同,意义相近,要求我们在特定的语境中区分它们之间的细微差别。一般说来,其中的两个选项容易排除,难辨的是两个。请看下面全国卷中的一个小题: Although I last met this man eight years ago, I have not forgotten his ___37___ qualities. Firstof all... 37. A. basic B. special C. common D. particular 【分析】根据句意很容易排除A和C;难辨的是B和D。special强调“与众不同的”,而particular指“值得注意的”,故选B。 四、注意行文逻辑 考查考生对上下文逻辑关系的理解,如转折关系、让步关系、因果关系、递进关系、增补关系、比较关系、对比关系等。四个选项都是表示文章的起承转合、上下连贯等逻辑关系的词语。请看下面全国卷中的一个小题: Once he ___42___ sang a song in class in order to make a point clear. 42. A. also B. nearly C. even D. only 【分析】从上下文看为了使教学有趣易懂,这位教授不仅仅会借助oil paintings, music, and guestlectures等方式,“甚至”(even)在课堂上还唱歌,属递进关系。 五、注意经验常识 考查考生在日常的学习和生活中所积累的经验和基本常识,以及一些基本的科学常识。请看下面北京卷中的一个小题: But we run so much that, afterwards, we had trouble___45___. A. speaking B. moving C. sleeping D. breathing 【分析】跑得太多,其结果当然是上气不接下气,即呼吸(breathing)困难了,我们一般都会有这样的生活经历。 六、注意文章结构 考查考生对文章脉络层次的把握能力。请看下面全国卷中的一个小题: First of all, I respected his devotion to teaching...___43___, I admired the fact that he wouldtalk to students outside the classroom or talk...Finally, I was attracted by his lively sense ofhumor. 43. A Later B. Secondly C. However D. Therefore 【分析】本文的写作结构很清楚:开篇点题——难忘的哲学教授;诸条陈述——何以难忘:前有First of all提起, 后有Finally落脚,那么中间只有用Secondly来过渡了。 七、注意逻辑推理 考查考生根据文意和所掌握的知识经验进行简单的逻辑推理来确定选项的能力。请看下面全国卷中的一个小题: He was reading my words out loud to the class...the whole class was laughing withopen-hearted enjoyment. I did my best not to show ___53___, but what I was feeling was purehappiness... 53. A. shock B. wonder C. worry D. pleasure 【分析】一个学生的作品被老师选中且在班上宣读时该会是怎样的心情? 那当然是“愉快”啦! 八、注意语法规则 考查考生语法知识的运用能力。近年来完形填空题中单纯考查语法知识的题一般不考,只是偶尔有个别考题。请看下面全国卷中的一个小题: "Can I? I don't think I can,"Tracy said with a laugh. "But l do have ___46___ when things cometo me for no reason." 46. A. events B. chances C. feelings D. moments 【分析】由后面的when引导的定语从句可知,前面的先行词应是表时间的词,所以选moments。 查看更多