2017中考英语各类从句及考点

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2017中考英语各类从句及考点

复合句的概念:由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。‎ 宾语从句 一.概念:在句中起到宾语的作用。‎ 二.宾语从句在句中的位置:‎ ‎(1)作动词的宾语:‎ 例:I heard that he joined the army. She did not know what had happened.‎ ‎(2) 作形容词的宾语 例:I am afraid that I have made a mistake.‎ ‎ (3) 作介词的宾语 例:Our success depends on how well we can cooperate with one another.‎ 三.常见考点分析:‎ ‎ (一).连接词:1.引导陈述句用that(在口语或非正式文体中常常省略)。‎ ‎2.引导一般疑问句用if或whether。‎ 注意:下列几种情况通常使用whether:‎ ‎(1).在具有选择意义又有or或or not时,尤其是直接与or not连用时,往往用whether;‎ 例:I don’t know whether he will come back or not.‎ ‎(2).在介词之后用whether;‎ 例:They are talking about whether he will win the game.‎ ‎ Everything depends on whether you agree with us.‎ ‎3.引导特殊疑问句,只需用原来的特殊疑问词。‎ ‎(二). 语序:尤其要注意,宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序:即主语一定在谓语前面。‎ 尤其要注意whether, if以及wh-(what, why…)疑问词引导的宾语从句的语序。‎ ‎ 例:She wants to know whether I like the film.‎ ‎ Do you know why winter is colder than summer?‎ ‎(三). 时态:1.主句中谓语动词是现在或将来时态时,从句中主语不受主句位于时态的影响。例:She says that she will leave a message on his desk.‎ ‎ She says that sh has never been to Beijing.‎ ‎ 2.当主句谓语动词是过去时态时,从句中的时态一般为表示过去的某种时态(如一般过去时,过去进行时,过去完成时,过去将来时)‎ 例:He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon.‎ ‎ He said he was going to take care of the baby.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 3.主句谓语动词是过去时态,宾语从句叙述某一客观真理时,宾语从句用一般现在时。 例:She said that her father is twenty-eight years older than her.‎ ‎ The teacher told us that light travels much faster than sound.‎ ‎(四). 否定转移:当宾语从句表示否定的意义时,若主句主语为第一人称且谓语动词是think / believe / suppose / expect等时,应在主句上加以否定。‎ ‎ 例:I don’t think you are right.‎ ‎ I don’t believe that he has finished his work.‎ ‎(五). 注意if或when引导的宾语从句和状语从句的不同。if / when引导宾语从句时,意思分别为“是否”和“何时”,此时它们的时态根据具体情况而定。if和when引导状语从句时,意思分别为“如果”和“当……的时候”,此时如果主句是一般将来时,从句部分则用一般现在时。 ‎ 例:We are not sure if it will snow tomorrow. If it snows, we won’t climb the South Hill.‎ 状语从句 一.概念和分类:用来修饰主句中的动词,副词和形容词的从句叫状语从句。分类:时间状语从句,地点状语从句,原因状语从句,目的状语从句,结果状语从句,条件状语从句,方式状语从句,让步状语从句和比较状语从句。‎ ‎(一). 时间状语从句 :‎ 引导时间状语从句的词有:when, as, while, after, before, since, as soon as, ever since, till, until, once, whenever, no sooner …than…, hardly…when…, the moment, every time, each time, next time, directly, immediately, by the time等 ‎1.When引导的状语从句和While引导的状语从句的区别:When既可以引导一个持续性动作也可以引导一个短暂性动作。While只能引导持续性动作。‎ 例:When引导的从句 I was thin when I was a child.‎ ‎ The film had been on when we arrived.‎ While引导的从句 My Mom was cooking while I was doing my homework.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2.Before引导的时间状语从句 ‎(1)before引导的从句位于主句之前,一般翻译成在…之前。‎ 例:Before they got to the bus stop, the bus had gone.‎ ‎(2)before引导的从句位于主句之后,一般翻译成…(之后)才。如果在主句中用将来时,从句要用一般时替代将来时。‎ 例:It will be half a year before I come back.‎ ‎ He said that it would be half a year before he came back.‎ ‎3.Until引导的时间状语从句。‎ ‎(1)延续性动词+until表示直到…为止。‎ 例:You may stay here until the rain stops He waited until his friends came.‎ ‎(2)终止性动词或者延续性动词的否定式+until表示直到…才 例:He didn’t go to bed until he had finished his work.‎ They didn’t reach the village until it was dark.‎ ‎(3)not until放在句时,主句要用倒装语序 例:Not until he graduated did he succeed in obtaining the compound.(直到毕业他才成功获得这种化合物)‎ ‎4.表示一…就…的句型。‎ As soon as ,once, immediately, the moment,这类从句中经常用一般时态替代将来时态(从句的时态)‎ 例:I will tell him as soon as he arrives.‎ Once you study hard, you’ll pass the exam.‎ The moment he comes, I will let you know.‎ ‎5.As的用法 主要考点:‎ ‎(1)一边。。。一边。。。‎ 例:He hurried home, looking behind as he went.‎ Tom sings as he works.‎ ‎(2)强调两个动作紧接着发生、‎ 例:As he was going out ,it began to rain.‎ ‎(二)地点状语从句 由where ,wherever引导。‎ Where引导定语从句和状语从句的区别:引导定语从句时,从句前应该有一个表示地点的名词作先行词,而状语从句前则没有。‎ 例:1. Go back where you came from.(状语从句)‎ ‎2.Go back to the village where you came from.(定语从句)‎ ‎(三)原因状语从句 引导词:because, since, as, now that(既然),considering that(考虑到)‎ because表示直接原因,语气最强。Because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答由why提出的问题,只能用because ‎。As和since语气较弱,一般用来表示明显的原因。由as和since引导的原因状语从居多放在句首。‎ 例:(1)------Why did you do it?‎ ‎------I did it because I wanted to do it.‎ ‎ (2)Since I must die I must do it.‎ ‎(3)As he has no car, he can’t get there easily.‎ ‎(四)目的状语从句 引导词:so that(为了,以便),so(以便),in order that(以便,这样…就),in case(以防)‎ 目的状语从句的谓语经常含有may, might, can ,could, will, would等情态动词。‎ 例:(1)Speak clearly so that they may understand you. (目的状语从句)‎ ‎(2)Jack is badly ill so that he has to rest (结果状语从句)‎ ‎(五)结果状语从句 引导词:so(结果),so that(结果),so…that…(如此…以至于),such…that(如此…以至于)‎ 注意so…that…与such…that…的区别 So+adj/adv+that 从句 such+(a,an)名词+that从句 例:(1)The box is so heavy that I can’t carry it.‎ ‎ (2)She is so beautiful a girl that all of us like her.‎ ‎ (3)She is such a good girl that she can help you.‎ ‎(六)条件状语从句 两种情况:1. 祈使句+and/or/or else/otherwise引导的结果句。‎ 例:Hurry up, or else/otherwise you’ll be late.‎ ‎ Do that at once, or else I’ll make you do it.‎ 引导词:if ,unless(除非,如果不),so long as(只要), if only(只要),provided that或providing(that)(假如)‎ ‎1. 条件状语从句中,如果主句是一般将来时,从句要用一般现在时代替一般将来时。‎ 即:一般将来时,if/unless/…+一般现在时 例:(1)I will go if you go.‎ ‎ (2)I won’t wait for him unless he rings me tomorrow.‎ ‎2. if +否定句相当于not…unless+肯定句 例:You can’t enter the hall if you have no ticket.‎ You can’t enter the hall unless you have a ticket.‎ ‎3. 条件句中的虚拟与倒装,if引导的条件状语从句如果与事实不符,应该用虚拟语气 ‎(1)与现在事实相反,主句用将来时,从句用一般过去时,Be动词用复数形式 例:If I were you ,I wouldn’t do that.‎ ‎(2)与过去事实相反,从句用过去完成时,主句谓语为would have done 例:If you had got up earlier, you would have caught the train.‎ ‎(3)与将来事实相反,主句是should do/would do ,从句用一般过去时 例:If it rained tomorrow, we should stay at home.‎ ‎(七)让步状语从句 引导词:通常有though ,although, even if, even though ,whenever, whatever, however, wherever, whichever等等。‎ 1. Though和although:用法基本一样,前者口语化,后者书面化,常用于句首 例:(1)Though he is young, he knows a lot.‎ ‎(2)Although I am tired, I must go on working.‎ 注意:它们不能和but 连用:我们不能说:Though it was raining hard, but he still went out.应该说:Though it was raining hard, he still went out.或It was raining hard, but he still went out.‎ ‎2.No matter who = whoever,同理其他也是一样。‎ ‎(八)比较状语从句 比较状语从句通常由as…as, 比较级 + than…等连词引导。例如:‎ Tom runs faster than John does.‎ This classroom is as big as that one.‎ 三.定语从句 ‎(一).概念:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句。‎ ‎(二)定语从句的特点:‎ ‎1.先行词:定语从句所修饰的名词或代词 ‎2. 关联词:1)引出定语从句,并作从句的一个成分。可作主语、宾语、定语、状语,‎ 作宾语可省略。‎ ‎2)关联词包括关系代词和关系副词。关联词位于先行词和定语从句之间。‎ 关系代词:that, which, who, whom, whose,代指先行词。‎ 关系副词:when,where,why,作时间状语。‎ ‎(三).基本结构:先行词+关联词+定语从句 ‎(四).关系代词的用法:‎ ‎1. that 和which that指人或物,作主语或宾语,作宾语可省略,主语不能。‎ Which指物,不指人,作主语或宾语,作宾语可省略,主语不能。‎ His father works in a factory that/which makes Tvsets.‎ Who was hurt in the accident that/which happened yesterday?‎ ‎ The coat (which/that) I put on the desk is black.‎ 注意:The room in which I live is very ‎ big.(在介词后面不能用that)‎ ‎2.只能用that不能用which引导的定语从句:‎ ‎1) 先行词被形容词最高级修饰时,定语从句只能用that This is the most interesting story (that) I have ever heard.‎ ‎2)先行词被序数词最高级修饰时,定语从句只能用that The children like the second lesson that is about “The Football Match”.‎ ‎3)先行词被the only,the very 或the same等修饰时,定语从句只能用that引导。‎ It is the only word (that) I know in the passage.‎ Where is the very book (that) I bought just now? This is the (same) bicycle (that) I lost.‎ ‎4)先行词为everything,something,anything,all,none,much,little,few等不定代词时,定语从句只能用that Here is something (that) I will tell you.‎ I want everything (that) I want.‎ I am writing to tell you about something very strange that happened to me last week.‎ ‎5)先行词被不定代词修饰时(all,any,no, every, little, much, many),定语从句只能用that Here is all the money (that) I have.‎ ‎6)先行词是同时含有“人和物”的名词时,定语从句只能用that I can remember well the persons and some pictures (that) I see in the room..‎ ‎7)定语从句所修饰的词为the one 时,定语从句用that引导 Is it the one(that)you want?‎ ‎8)为了避免重复,在疑问词who之后,用that 引导定语从句 Who is the girl that won the first place?‎
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