2020届高考英语二轮培优新专题限时检测（二十四）　阅读理解D篇增分练（二）

2020届高考英语二轮培优新专题限时检测（二十四）　阅读理解D篇增分练（二）

专题限时检测(二十四)　阅读理解D篇增分练(二)‎ ‎(共2篇，限时20分钟)‎ A The United Nations Climate Change Conference takes place next week in Poland. About 20,000 people from 190 countries are expected to take part in the conference. There, world leaders will debate how to limit climate change — the weather events linked to slowly rising temperatures on Earth. They will discuss ways to reduce carbon emissions (排放物) and other pollution which, scientists say, can give rise to longterm changes to our planet. ‎ For environmentalists, one area of concern is South America's Amazon rainforest. Brazil holds about 60 percent of the Amazon rainforest. It is also the most biodiverse country on Earth, with more than 56,000 species of plants, 1,700 species of birds, 695 amphibians, 578 mammals, and 651 reptiles. Studies have shown that the Amazon takes in as much as 2 billion tons of carbon dioxide a year and releases about 20 percent of Earth's oxygen. ‎ Scientists wonder whether the rainforest will be protected under Brazil's next president, Jair Bolsonaro, who began to take office on January 1, 2019. Bolsonaro had said that his country should withdraw from the 2015 Paris Agreement. Under the agreement, most nations promised to reduce carbon emissions by 37 percent over 2005 levels by the year 2030. The presidentelect claims a mandate (授权) from voters to develop land for agriculture and other purposes. He said that Brazil's rainforest protection is standing in the way of economic success.‎ Scientists say deforestation is a major reason for climate change. Studies have linked rising temperatures to the destruction of forests. Scientists worry about the future of the Amazon. New Brazilian government records show the speed of deforestation has increased over the past year. ‎ Carlos Nobre, a climate scientist at the University‎ of ‎So Paulo, told the Associated Press that it is almost impossible to say just how important the rainforest is to the planet's living systems. Some scientists call the Amazon “the lungs of the planet”. They liken it to human lungs. Each tree takes in and stores carbon dioxide from the air around it. The trees also release the oxygen we need to live.‎ ‎ The Amazon, the world's largest rainforest, also creates weather. Billions of trees pull up water through their roots. Then the trees release water vapor into the air. The vapor forms a thick mist, made up of tiny drops of water. These water particles move up into the clouds and later return to earth as rain. Scientists estimate that the Amazon creates 30 to 50 percent of its own rainfall.‎ During the election campaign, Bolsonaro promised to ease protection for areas of the Brazilian Amazon set aside for native peoples and wildlife. He said that indigenous lands and nature reserves restrict economic growth.“All these reserves cause problems for development，”he said. The presidentelect also talked about taking away the power of Brazil's environmental ministry to enforce laws for protecting the environment.‎ Paulo Artaxo is a professor of environmental physics at the University‎ of ‎So Paulo. He said that if Bolsonaro keeps his campaign promises, then “deforestation of the Amazon will probably increase quickly — and the effects will be felt everywhere on the planet”．‎ However, senatorelect Luiz Carlos Heinze, noted that farmers are not invaders (侵略者), but producers. He blamed the past administrations for supporting native rights at the expense of farmers. “Brazil，” he said，“will be the biggest farming nation on Earth during Bolsonaro's years.”‎ Scientists warn that if the Amazon and other rainforests lose too many trees, this could affect rainfall and global climate. Nobre and others estimate that the “tipping” point (引爆点) for the Amazon system is 20 to 25 percent deforestation. Without enough trees to support the rainfall, the longer and bigger dry season could turn more than half of the rainforest into a tropical grassland.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。众所周知，亚马孙热带雨林对整个地球的生态有着举足轻重的作用。其中，约60%的部分位于巴西。而2019年上任的巴西总统贾伊尔·波索那罗承诺为了发展本国经济将允许农民砍伐更多的热带雨林树木，对此很多人感到忧心忡忡。‎ ‎1．What does the author say about the Amazon rainforest?‎ ‎ A．It is home to more than 56,000 species of plants.‎ ‎ B．It makes up about 60% of Brazil's rainforests.‎ ‎ C．It creates 30 to 50 percent of the world's rainfall.‎ ‎ D．It supplies about 20 percent of the oxygen to Earth.‎ ‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Studies have shown that the Amazon takes in as much as 2 billion tons of carbon dioxide a year and releases about 20 percent of Earth's oxygen.”可知，亚马孙热带雨林为地球供应大约20%的氧气。故选D。‎ ‎2. Why does Bolsonaro want to withdraw Brazil from the 2015 Paris Agreement?‎ ‎ A．Because he thinks it impossible to achieve.‎ ‎ B．Because it is against his promises to his voters.‎ ‎ C．Because he thinks it will sacrifice Brazil's economy.‎ ‎ D．Because it will influence Brazil's rainforest protection.‎ ‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第二段中提到的亚马孙热带雨林储存二氧化碳和释放氧气的重要作用和第三段中的“Bolsonaro has said that his country should withdraw ... He said that Brazil's rainforest protection is standing in the way of economic success.”可知，波索那罗想让巴西退出 《巴黎协定》是因为这一协定要求巴西减少二氧化碳的排放，这就意味着巴西要保护好其境内的热带雨林，但波索那罗认为这种保护会阻碍巴西经济的发展。故选C。‎ ‎3. Which of the following statements may Carlos Nobre agree with?‎ ‎ A．The significance of rainforests is to be reevaluated.‎ ‎ B．The value of rainforests can not be overemphasized.‎ ‎ C．It's unwise for Brazil to quit the 2015 Paris Agreement.‎ ‎ D．It's wrong to link rainforests to the planet's living systems.‎ ‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第五段中的“it is almost impossible to say just how important the rainforest is to the planet's living systems”可知，Carlos Nobre认为热带雨林对地球生命系统非常重要。故选B。‎ ‎4. What is Luiz Carlos Heinze's attitude to Bolsonaro's campaign promises?‎ A．Doubtful.　　　　　　　 B．Critical.‎ ‎ C．Favorable. D．Concerned.‎ 解析：选C　观点态度题。根据倒数第二段的内容尤其是“He blamed the past administrations for supporting native rights at the expense of farmers.‘Brazil，’he said, ‘will be the biggest farming nation on Earth during Bolsonaro's years.’”可知，Luiz Carlos Heinze责备先前的巴西政府为了保护热带雨林地区而牺牲了农民的利益，而且他认为在波索那罗执政期间，巴西会成为地球上最大的农业国家。由此可推知，他对波索那罗的承诺是持赞同态度的。故选C。‎ ‎5. What will probably happen if Bolsonaro's promises are carried out?‎ ‎ A．Native peoples' shelters will no longer be protected.‎ ‎ B．Brazil will surely see a rapid increase in its economy.‎ C．Laws to protect the environment will be strengthened.‎ D．Global warming will worsen because of deforestation.‎ ‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的“if Bolsonaro keeps his campaign promises ... the effects will be felt everywhere on the planet”和最后一段中的“Scientists warn that ... global climate.”可知，如果波索那罗信守了他的承诺，即为了发展巴西的农业经济，允许农民砍伐更多的树木，这可能会导致亚马孙的森林砍伐量迅速增加，进而对全球气候产生影响，全球变暖问题将会恶化。故选D。‎ ‎6．Which is the most suitable title for this passage?‎ ‎ A．Are Brazil's rainforests in danger?‎ ‎ B．What threats the Amazon rainforest?‎ ‎ C．Why is the Amazon rainforest important?‎ ‎ D．Will Brazil's rainforests survive climate change?‎ ‎ 解析：选A　标题归纳题。文章重点讲述2019年上任的巴西总统波索那罗承诺为了发展巴西本国的经济要退出《巴黎协定》，允许农民砍伐更多的热带雨林树木，这会对全球气候产生恶劣影响。因此很多人对此感到担忧。故A项“巴西的热带雨林处于危险之中吗？”作本文标题最佳。‎ B ‎(2019·无锡模拟)Stars blazed (猛烈地燃烧) in the sky above Spook like a million tiny suns. They shone through the mists, which had — during the last year — become thinner and weaker. At first, he had thought the world itself was changing. Then he had realized that it was just his feeling. Somehow, by burning tin in his body for so long, he had permanently strengthened his senses to a point far beyond what other Allomancers could attain.‎ The burned tin had begun as a reaction to Clubs's death. Spook still felt terrible about the way he'd escaped, leaving his uncle to die. During those first few weeks, Spook had burned his metals as almost a selfpunishment — he'd wanted to feel everything around him, take it all in, even though it was painful, or perhaps because it was painful.‎ But then he'd started to change, and that had worried him. But, the crew always talked about how hard Vin pushed herself. She rarely slept, using pewter (白镴) to keep herself awake and alert. Spook didn't know how that worked — he was no Mistborn, and could only born one metal — but he figured that if burning his one metal could give him an advantage, he'd better take it, because they were going to need every advantage they could get.‎ The starlight was like daylight to him. During the actual day, he had to wear a cloth tied across his eyes to protect them, and even then going outside was sometimes blinding. His skin had become so sensitive that each little stone in the ground felt like a knife jabbing (猛刺) him through the bottom of his feet. The cold spring air seemed freezing, and he wore a thick cloak (斗篷)．‎ However, he had concluded that these discomforts were small prices to pay for the opportunity to become — whatever it was he had become. As he moved down the street, he could hear people turning over and over in their beds, even through their walls. He could sense a footstep from yards away. He could see on a dark night as no other human ever had.‎ ‎__①__. Always before, he'd been the least important member of the crew — the dismissible boy who served as a handy man or kept watch while the others made plans. He didn't feel annoyed with them for that — they'd been right to give him such simple duties.__②__. Because of his street dialect, he'd been difficult to understand, and while all the other members of the crew had been carefully picked, Spook had joined through the back door since he was Clubs's nephew.‎ Spook sighed, sticking his hands in his trouser pockets as he walked down the toobright street. He could feel each and every thread of the cloth. ‎ Dangerous things were happening, he knew that: the way the mists lasted longer during the day, the way the ground shook as if it were a sleeping man, the periodically (周期性地) suffering a terrible dream. Spook worried he wouldn't be of much help in the critical days to come. A little over a year before, his uncle had died after Spook fled the city. Spook had run out of fear, but also out of a knowledge of his lack of power.__③__. He wouldn't have been able to help during the campaign.‎ He didn't want to be in that position again. He wanted to be able to help, somehow. He wouldn't run into the woods, hiding while the world ended around him. He was sent to gather as much ‎ information as he could about the Citizen and his government there, and so Spook intended to do his best. If that meant pushing his body beyond what was safe, so be it.‎ He approached a large crossing. He looked both ways down the intersecting (交叉的) streets — the view clear as day to his eyes. I may not be Mistborn, and I may not be emperor, he thought. But I'm something. Something new. Something people would be proud of. Maybe this time I can help.__④__.‎ 语篇解读：本文摘自美国奇幻小说《迷雾之子》。文章讲述了Spook经过死里逃生之后下定决心改变自己的故事。‎ ‎7．What is the real “change” according to Paragraph 1?‎ ‎ A．The thinner and weaker mists.‎ ‎ B．The changing world.‎ ‎ C．Spook's sensitive feeling.‎ ‎ D．Allomancers' strengthened senses.‎ ‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“At first, he had thought the world itself was changing.”可知，起初他以为世界发生了变化，但是第一段第四句中的“he had realized that it was just his feeling”表明他意识到并不是这样，只是他自己的一种感觉而已。由此可知，真正改变的是Spook的感觉。‎ ‎8．Why on earth did Spook start burning tin?‎ ‎ A．To make himself strong.‎ ‎ B．To erase an emotional debt.‎ ‎ C．To show his honor to Vin. ‎ ‎ D．To feel pain of his uncle.‎ ‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Spook still felt terrible about the way ... die.”和“burned his metals as almost a selfpunishment”可知，他将燃烧锡看作对自己的一种惩罚，目的是消除自己内心的负罪感。‎ ‎9. What does the example of Vin serve as in Paragraph 3?‎ ‎ A．A reminder of Spook's own pain.‎ ‎ B．An encouragement to Spook's persistence.‎ ‎ C．A comparison for Spook's burning metal.‎ ‎ D．An implication of Spook's own change.‎ ‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“he'd started to change, and that had worried him”可知，Spook意识到应该改变自己，但是这让他感到焦虑。本段第二句中的“how hard Vin pushed herself”可知，别人在他面前提及Vin是如何提升自己的，第四句中的“he figured that if burning his one metal could give him an advantage”‎ 可知，他认为如果燃烧一块金属能让他获得优势，那他最好继续下去，因为他们需要可获得的各种优势，因此，提及Vin的做法是为了激励Spook继续坚持下去。‎ ‎10. What discomforts was Spook suffering when moving down the street?‎ ‎ ①The shining daylight that almost made him blind.‎ ‎ ②The little stones that jabbed him like a knife.‎ ‎ ③The cold spring air that seemed freezing.‎ ‎ ④The sleepless people that turned over and over in their beds.‎ ‎ ⑤The awakened awareness of being unimportant when keeping watch.‎ ‎ ⑥His street dialect that made him hard to understand.‎ ‎ A．②③ B．①②③‎ ‎ C．②③④⑥ D．①②③④⑤⑥‎ ‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“His skin had become so sensitive that each little stone in the ground felt like a knife jabbing (猛刺) him through the bottom of his feet.”说明他的皮肤很敏感，路上的小石子对他来说也像刀刺一样，与②吻合。本段最后一句话中的“The cold spring air seemed freezing”与③吻合。这些都是他在街上行走的时候经历的不适，再结合第五段中的“concluded that these discomforts were small prices”可知，A项正确。‎ ‎11. Where can the following sentence most probably be?‎ ‎ “Perhaps he'd find a way to become useful to the others.”‎ ‎ A．① B．② ‎ ‎ C．③ D．④‎ ‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第六段中的“he'd been the least important member of the crew — the dismissible boy who served as a handy man or kept watch while the others made plans”可知，Spook之前是最不起眼的一个成员，当别人制定计划的时候，他不过是个旁观者。而本段中的“they'd been right to give him such simple duties”说明他被分配了一些小任务。所以“Perhaps he'd find a way to become useful to the others”应该是本段第一句话，找到一种能让其他人用得上他的方法，既是他自己内心的渴望，也是对过去的自己的否定，且与下文衔接紧密。‎ ‎12. What can we learn about Spook from the article?‎ ‎ A．He's a guilty and weak nephew of the great Clubs.‎ ‎ B．He's a carefullypicked and most powerful member of the crew.‎ ‎ C．He's a proud and selfsacrificing handy man of the crew.‎ ‎ D．He's a strongwilled and outstanding Allomancer.‎ ‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据前五段可知，Spook刚刚经历了死里逃生，从第一段中的“Somehow, by ... Allomancers could attain.”‎ 可知，Spook已经成为一个优秀的人。从第六段开始介绍他决定改变自己，成为一个能让其他人用得上他的人。第九段第一句说明他下定决心不再像以前那样了，第二句中的“wanted to be able to help”是他的目标，第三句中的“He wouldn't run into the woods ... around him.”和第四句中的“so Spook intended to do his best”说明他在痛定思痛之后决定以全新的面貌展示自己。最后一段的最后三句是他对自己的承诺和新要求，这些都表明他要改变自己的决心，说明他是一个意志坚定的人。故选D项。‎