专题12 特殊句式（易错起源）-2018年高考英语备考黄金易错点

专题12 特殊句式（易错起源）-2018年高考英语备考黄金易错点

‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎1.[2017·天津卷] It was when I got back to my apartment ________ I first came across my new neighbours.‎ A．who B．where ‎ C．which D．that ‎2.(2016·天津，13)You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel ________ the coach picks up tourists.‎ ‎【答案】that 【解析】句意：你等错地方了。长途汽车来宾馆接游客。本题考查强调句型：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他。本句中at the hotel是被强调部分，缺强调句式中的that，故填that。‎ ‎3.【2016·江苏】34.Not until recently ______the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.‎ A. they had encouraged B. had they encouraged C. did they encourage D. they encouraged ‎【答案】C【解析】句意：直到最近他们才鼓励在农村地区开展与旅游业有关的活动。当not until所引导的时间状语放在句首时，主句要使用部分倒装。故C项正确。‎ ‎4. The (hard) you try to beat him，the more likely you will get hit.‎ 解析 考查固定表达。句意：你越是努力击败他，就越可能被击败。此处为“the＋比较级＋主谓，the＋比较级＋主谓”的句型，表示“越……就越……”。‎ 答案 harder ‎5. Go to the village and buy some salt，but pay a fair price for it：neither too much too little.‎ 解析 考查固定表达。既不要太贵也不要太便宜。neither ...nor既不……也不……。‎ 答案 nor ‎6.They will be as difficult and painful holding a hot potato.‎ 解析 考查固定表达。他们将和拿着热土豆一样痛苦和困难。此处是“as＋形容词＋as”表示的同级比较句型。‎ 答案 as ‎7.He loved the 4th wife the most.He took great care of her and gave her nothing the best.‎ 解析 考查固定表达。他悉心照顾她，只给她最好的。nothing but只，仅仅。‎ 答案 but ‎8. And I'd like to know why Chinese people use chopsticks. not knives and forks，like Americans?‎ 解析 考查固定表达。我想知道为什么中国人用筷子，为什么不像美国人一样用刀叉呢？固定表达why not...为什么不……呢？‎ 答案 Why ‎9. So long as we have some，that's enough.And we can learn to spend money.‎ 解析 考查固定表达。我们能学会如何花钱。learn后面跟的是“疑问词＋to do”结构。‎ 答案 how ‎10. Sometimes hunger hit me so severely I regarded dried sweet potato slices as delicious snack.‎ 解析 考查固定表达。有时候饥饿感是如此强烈以至于我都把土豆片当作美味的点心。此处是结果状语从句，so...that...结构。‎ 答案 that ‎11. Not until I returned I realize that a quiet town life was the best for me.‎ 解析 考查倒装句。句意：直到回来，我才发现安静的小镇生活对我才是最好的。not until放在句首，后面的主句要倒装。因为谓语动词为实义动词realize，故要用助动词did并提到主语前面。‎ 答案 did ‎12. It took years of work (reduce) industrial pollution and clean the water.‎ ‎13.It asks you to act like water：to be flexible as well strong.‎ 解析 考查固定表达。句意：它要求你表现的像水一样灵活又有力。as well as和……一样。‎ 答案 as ‎ ‎ 易错起源1、强调句的正确运用 ‎ 例1．It was when we were returning home ________ I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.‎ A. which B. that C. where D. how ‎【答案】B ‎【名师点睛】‎ 使用强调句时，应该注意如下几点:‎ ‎1.强调状语:It is tomorrow that will hold the meeting.(that不能换成when)‎ ‎ It was on the sports ground that I found (that 不能换成where)‎ ‎2.强调含有not...util...一结构的句子时，要用 It is／was not until...that...结构。that后的句子要 用肯定句，且须用陈述语序。‎ ‎3.强调句和主语从句句型(指 “It+be+adj.／n.+that从句”类型)的异同点:二者均有 It be ... that／who...之类的语言标志。所不同的是:‎ ‎ (1)含有主语从句的句子译为汉语时不可加上“正是……”或“就是……”之类的字眼，而强调则可以。‎ ‎ (2)含有主语从句的句子若删掉 It be...that／who...则原句不论结构还是语意均不成立，而强调句去掉结构标志仍然成立。如:It is ture that he once went to to Canada.(不可以去掉 It is及that，否则原句不成立)‎ It was on December 11，典型例题at China became a member of WTO.(去掉was及that后原句仍然成立)‎ ‎【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】‎ ‎1.含有定语从句的强调句型:仔细分析出at或 who在句中的作用，若that或who可有可无(结合it be来分析)，则为强调句，否则是定语从句。如:‎ ‎ It was in the lab that was set up by Mr.Smith that they finshed the experiment.(lab后的出at 不可省略,因为出at引导定语从句，作该句的主语。句中第二个，that才是强调句的标志。)‎ ‎2.强调谓语时用“do/does／did+动词原形”。如:‎ ‎ He did come yesterday.他昨天的确来了。‎ 易错起源2、倒装句的正确运用 ‎ 例2．Only when Lily walked into the office ______ that she had left the contract at home. ‎ A. she realized B. has she realized ‎ C. she has realized D. did she realize ‎【答案】D ‎【名师点睛】‎ 在下列情况下，句子要完全倒装:‎ ‎1.在there，here 引导的句子中，谓语是be；exist 等表示状态的词。如:Hereisaseatforyou.Tom.‎ There stands a building on；the top of the mountain ‎2.在语气词there，here开头的句子中，谓语是 come，be等。 ‎ 如:There goes the bell!铃响了!‎ Here comes your husband.你丈夫来了。‎ There you go again你又来这一套。‎ ‎3.由副词now,then,thus 引导的句子中，谓语是 come,begin,be ‎ 如: Now comes your turn.‎ Thus ended the meeting.‎ ‎4.在 in, out up, over, back等作状语置于句首时，谓语动词是 come, go, rush, run 等的句子里。‎ 如:Up and up the prices Off went the horses ‎5.地点状语提前，谓语是 be ,stand,lie 的句子中 如:In front of the door stood a boy.‎ On the ground lay a sick dog.‎ A. 在疑问句里。‎ Do you have an English class every day?‎ What did the two cheats pretend to be doing?‎ 在特殊疑问句里，如果疑问词作主语，则不用倒装。‎ Who is in the next room?谁在隔壁房间？‎ What makes you so angry? 什么使你这么生气？‎ B.在以so 开头表示“也一样”，和以nor或neither开关表示“也不一样”的句子里。‎ I get up at seven and so does my brother.‎ He didn’t do it and neither did I.‎ C.在以 never, hardly, scarcely, seldom, little, barely , rarely, nowhere, by no means, hot until, hardly (scarcely)... when ,no sooner... than 等否定或半否定意义的词位于句首表示强调的句子里。‎ Never before have I met him.我以前从未见过他。‎ Seldom did the boy icad newspapers.这个孩子以前很少读报。‎ ‎ Little do I dream of seeing wonderful seenery.我梦想不到会看到这样神奇的景色。‎ Not until midnight did it stop raining.雨一直下到半夜才停。‎ ‎ Hardly had he entered the house when it began to rain. 他一进屋就开始下雨了。‎ No sooner had they got to the plant than they started to wrok.他们一进工厂就开始工作。 ‎ 易错起源3、反意疑问句的用法 ‎ 例3．— I spent two weeks in London last summer.‎ ‎—Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay._____ you?‎ A. mustn’t B. haven’t C. didn’t D. hadn’t ‎【答案】C ‎【名师点睛】‎ 使用反意疑问句时，应注意下列问题：‎ ‎1.陈述部分包含有no，never，hardly，little等含有否定意义的词时，附加问句用肯定形式(但不包括带有否定意义的前后缀的词，如dislike，unfair等)。‎ ‎2.陈述句和附加问句的情态动词或助动词一般要保持一致，但也有特殊情况：‎ ‎(1)used to(过去常常)—usedn’t(或didn’t)；‎ ‎(2)have(拥有)—haven’t(或don’t)；have(进行某-动作)—don’t; have(构成完成时态)—haven’t;have to(不得不)—don’t；‎ ‎(3)ought to(应该)—oughtn’t；‎ ‎(4)must(必须)—mustn’t must(必要)— needn’t； must be(表示猜测)—be；must have done (对过去某一时间的事情推测)—don’t；must have done(对发生在过去但对现在造成影响的动作进行推测)—haven’t;must not(表示禁止)—may。‎ ‎3.陈述句的主语为名词或代词时，附加问句的主语为相应的人称代词；陈述句的主语为指示代词 this、that、不定代词nothing、不定式、动名词或从句时，附加问句的主语为小陈述句主语为指示代词 these、those、不定代词nobody、everbody、somebody等时，附加问句用they.‎ ‎4.陈述部分若为“I／We don’t think(believe imagine，suppose，expect．．．) + 宾语从句”时，附加问句的谓语动词和主语应和宾语从句的动词和主语保持一致，且用肯定式。但当陈述部分的主语不是 I／We时，附加问句的构成同普通的反意疑问句。‎ ‎5.含有强调句型的反意疑问句中，附加问句的主语代词永远是it.如:‎ It was last year that you graduated, wasn’t it?‎ 易错起源4、省略句的用法 例4．________ the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.‎ A. Did he catch B. should be catch C. has he caught D. Had he caught ‎【答案】D ‎【名师点睛】‎ 在英语中，下列情况下一般可以用省略:‎ A.祈使句一般省略主语 ‎(You) Don’t touch this knob.请不要随便碰这个把手 ‎(You) Come in,please! 请进来 ‎(You) Be quiet !安静 B. 某些句子结构省略谓语 She gets up earlier than I ( get up) every day.她每天起床比我早。‎ ‎( Is there) Anybody you want to see? 你想见什么人吗?‎ I like music and he (likes) sports. 我喜欢音乐，他喜欢体育。‎ C.部分问句常省略主语、谓语 ‎ Why not?为什么不呢?‎ Why?为什么?‎ Right? 对吗?‎ What? 什么?‎ Anything you want?你想要什么?‎ D. 疑问句省略回答 ‎—Are these your friends? 这些人是你的朋友吗?‎ ‎—Yes ,they are (my friends). 是的，他们是。‎ E.并列的不定式可以省略后面一个不定式的to 如: The book is intend to be read and not(to be) torn.‎ 这本书是供人读的而不是供人撕毁的 F.宾语从句中常用so，not或其他来代替宾从句 如:①—Do you think she is a singer?‎ ‎ —Yes, I think so.‎ ‎②—Shall I have a test next week?‎ ‎ —I hope not.‎ ‎【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】‎ ‎1.定语从句的省略 The car (which)you told about is here .你说过的那辆汽车在这里。‎ Do you know the man(who is)speaking to you?你认识和你讲话的那个人吗?‎ The people(who)you were talking to are Japanese.你与之谈话的那些人是日本人。‎ ‎2.状语从句的省略 ‎ 在When，while，if,as if，though，as，whether等连词引导的状语从句中，如果谓语有be，而主语又跟主句的主语相同或是it时，则从句的主语和be常常省略。 ‎ When(I was)in Japan,I took many beautiful pictures. 在日本，我拍了许多漂亮的照片。‎ You should notes when (it is)necessary.必要时你应该记笔记。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎