天津市第一中学2021届高三上学期摸底考（零月考）英语试题 Word版含解析

天津市第一中学2021届高三上学期摸底考（零月考）英语试题 Word版含解析

天津一中 2020-2021-1 高三年级 英语学科零月考试卷 本试卷分为第 I 卷（选择题）、第 II 卷（非选择题）两部分,共 100 分,考试用 时 90 分 钟。第 I 卷 1 至 4 页,第 II 卷 1 页。考生务必将答案涂写规定的 位置上,答在试卷上的无效。 祝各位考生考试顺利! 第 I 卷 第一部分 英语知识运用（共两节,满分 35 分） 第一节 单项选择（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分,满分 15 分） 从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. —You are late for the morning assembly again! —I’m terribly sorry. I _______a contract almost the whole night. A. was drafting B. have been drafting C. have drafted D. had drafted 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：——你上午大会又迟到了！——我很抱歉。我几乎整个晚上 都在起草一份合同。根据语境及空后 almost the whole night 可知，此处表示过去一段时间一 直持续的动作，应使用过去进行时。故选 A。 2. Fanny asked ________ made that oddlooking little cat so popular. A. what was it that B. wat was that C. what it was that D. what that was 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查宾语从句和强调句。句意：他想知道是什么使她在最后一刻改变了主意。根据 句意，他想知道是什么使她在最后一刻改变了主意。分析句子可知，空格处引导宾语从句作 asked 的宾语，从句中缺少表语，所以应用 what 引导。又因为从句中包含一个强调句，所 以应用 “it is (was) ... that + 其他” 的结构，强调宾语从句的主语 what，故此处应为 what it was that。故正确答案为 C。 3. The outbreak of Covid19 has meant an change in many people’s life and work. A. absurd B. abrupt C. allergic D. authentic 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：新型冠状病毒肺炎的爆发意味着许多人的生活和工作 发生了突然的变化。A. absurd 荒谬的；B. abrupt 突然的；C. allergic 过敏的；D. authentic 真 正的。abrupt“突然的”为形容词，在句中修饰名词 change，作定语，an abrupt change 意为“突 然的变化”，符合句意。故选 B 项。 4. —Gosh, I feel I have messed up my whole life. —Cheer up. Things will _______. A. hold out B. work out C. stand out D. set out 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：——天哪，我觉得我把我的一生都搞砸了。——振作起 来。事情会解决的。A. hold out 维持、提供机会；B. work out 得到解决方法、进展顺利；C. stand out 突出；D. set out 出发。由语境可知，说话的一方说自己把一生都搞砸了，说话的另 一方安慰他，事情会解决的/进展顺利。故选 B 项。 5.（2015·安徽） he once felt like giving up, he now has the determination to push further and keep on going. A. Where B. As C. In case D. Now that 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查状语。句意：曾经让他感到想放弃的地方，现在他决心继续前进。A 那里；B 尽管，当，因为，随着；C 以防；D 既然。where 表示地点，引导地点状语从句；as 引导让 步状语从句常用倒装，即 tried as he has；in case 表目的；now that 表原因。这里指让他感到 想放弃的地方，故选 A。 【点睛】这里考查状语从句的连接词，做状语从句类的题目，需要理解句意，然后判断前后 分句的逻辑关系，进而选出相应的连接词。where 在此引导地点状语从句，类似的句子有： Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者事竟成。 6. The university started some new language programs to _________ the country’s Silk Road Economic Belt. A. apply to B. cater for C. appeal to D. hunt for 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：这所大学启动了一些新的语言项目，为国家丝绸之路经 济带提供服务。A .apply to 向……申请，适用于……；B .cater for 迎合，满足……的需要， 为……提供服务；C .appeal to 对……有吸引力，呼吁；D. hunt for 猎取，寻找。根据句意。 故选 B 项。 7. His strong sense of humor was make everyone in the room burst out laughing. A. so as to B. such as to C. so that D. such that 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：他如此幽默，全屋的人都被他逗乐了。此处在 be 动词后应 是表语，such as to do 或者 such as that“到如此程度，如此……以至于……（正式或文学用 语）”可以作表语。A 项 so as to 只能作目的状语，不能作表语；C/D 项引导结果状语从句。 故选 B。 【名师点睛】做本题时，要抓住横线后动词 make 是动词原型，而非句子，故可以排除 C、 D 两项；so as to“为的是； 是为了；以便”的意思，与其后的动词原形一起作目的状语， 用来强调目的，故也可以排除。such as to 的用法再举一例：His manner was such as to offend nearly everyone he met.他的举止几乎冒犯了所有他认识的人。 8. (2015•湖北) This meeting room is a nonsmoking area. I would like to warn you ___________ that if you smoked here you would be fined. A. in advance B. in detail C. in total D. in general 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：这个会议室是无烟区域。我想提前警告你：如果你在这 里吸烟，会被罚款。A. in advance 提前；B. in detail 详细地；C. in all 总共，总计；D. in general 大体上，笼统地。根据句意可知，此处用 in advance“提前”符合语境。故选 A 项。 9. I’m so sorry that I made your computer stop working. _______. I can repair it myself. A. No big deal. B. Don’t say that. C. Not at all. D. Of course not. 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查交际用语辨析。句意：对不起，我让你的电脑无法运转了。没什么大不了 的。我能自己修理。A.No big deal 没什么大不了的;B.Don't day that 被这样说;C. Not at all 不 用谢；D. Of course not，当然不。根据“I can repair it myself.”可知，没什么大不了的。故 选 A 项。 10. Our country is accelerating the construction of Xiong'an New District,_______will be a green, lowcarbon, open, innovative and highlycompetitive city. A. one B. one that C. that D. what 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我国正在加速雄安新区的建设，一个环保、低碳、开放、创 新和竞争力的城市。分析句子可知，此处先用 one 作为 Xiong'an New District 的同位语，再 用定语从句修饰 one，关系词代替先行词 one 在从句中充当主语，应用关系代词 that，故选 B 项。 11. China has accelerated crucial transformations in the role of government, _______the market to play a decisive role. A. to allow B. allowed C. having allowed D. allowing 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：中国加快了政府角色的重大转变，让市场发挥决定性作用。 分析句子结构，并结合句意，可知此处用现在分词作结果状语，表示一种自然而然的结果， 非谓语表示的动作与句子谓语表示的动作同时发生，没有明显的先后顺序，所以用现在分词 的一般式，故 D 项正确。 12. Consumers' support and encouragement is a _______ stream of motivation for selfimprovement of the company. A. casual B. smooth C. current D. steady 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：消费者的支持和鼓励是这个公司自我提升的一个稳定 动力。A. casual 随意的；B. smooth 光滑的；C. current 现在的；D. steady 稳定的。根据 “Consumers' support and encouragement ”可知，公司自我完善的源源不断的稳定动力是消 费者的支持和鼓励。故选 D 项。 13. It is estimated that hopefully about 0. 5 billion families_______5G terminals by 2025, when there is a sharp drop in price. A. have used B. will have used C. will be using D. are using 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查时态。句意：据估计，到 2025 年，5G 终端的价格将大幅下降，届时有望有约 5 亿家庭使用该终端。根据时间状语 by 2025，可知用将来时态，这里表示在将来某一时间 以前已经完成，所以用将来完成时态。故选 B。 14. On the graduation day, he received from his father a nice present ______ a note was attached, saying “I’m proud of you.” A. on which B. to which C. with which D. in which 【答案】B 【解析】 【分析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在毕业这一天，他从他父亲那里收到了一份很好的礼物 ， 礼物上附着一个纸条，上面写着“我为你感到骄傲”。本题为“介词+关系代词”结构定语从句， 且根据固定短语 be attached to…“附在……之上”可知把介词 to 提到关系代词 which 之前。故 B 正确。 15. I can’t figure out why some foreigners must go out_______staying at home is the safest way during the outbreak of the virus. A. until B. before C. unless D. when 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查时间状语从句。句意：我不明白为什么一些外国人必须出门，当在病毒爆发期 间呆在家里是最安全的方式的时候。A. until 直到；B. before 在……之前；C. unless 除非；D. when 当……的时候。根据句意及常识可知，此处引导时间状语从句，意为“当在病毒爆发 期间呆在家里是最安全的方式的时候”。故选 D。 第二节 完型填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1 分,满分 20 分） 阅读下面短文,从 16-35 各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中,选出最佳选项。 From poverty to a rocket scientist to the CEO of the Girl Scouts (女童子军), Sylvia Acevedo’s story is inspiring. Sylvia Acevedo grew up on a dirt road in New Mexico. Her family was ___16___, living paycheck to paycheck. After an infectious disease ___17___in Las Cruces nearly killed her younger sister, her mother moved the family to a different ___18___. At her new school, a classmate ___19___her to become a Brownie Girl Scout. And from that moment, her life ___20___a new path. The Girl Scout cookie program equips girls with basic ___21___knowledge. Women constantly in the sector said they got their ___22___through it. Sylvia Acevedo was there going doortodoor ___23___ cookies to all her neighbors. There’s a famous sales ___24___ that her troop leader gave her: you never leave the side of a sale ____25____ you’ve heard “no” three times, and to this day she ____26____ by that. The Girl Scout experience in a way got girls ____27____. When they are earning different badges (徽章) , they have all those job skills that are ____28____related to what they’ve learned. On one camping trip, Acevedo’s troop leader saw her looking up at the ____29____—she didn’t know that there were planets. Her troop leader ____30____the Big Dipper, the Little Dipper and a few planets. Later, when the girls were ____31____ badges, Acevedo’s leader remembered her ____32____with the stars and suggested she try for her science badge. She went on to get a master’s in ____33____ from Stanford University, then became a rocket scientist with NASA, and then, in 2016, was appointed to ____34____ the Girl Scouts. What the Girl Scouts taught her was determination and resilience (适应力) and she has kept that ____35____in her life ever since. 16. A. large B. happy C. poor D. close 17. A. control B. outbreak C. symptom D. victim 18. A. project B. neighbourhood C. schoolyard D. division 19. A. convinced B. advised C. forced D. allowed 20. A. took up B. took in C. took off D. took on 21. A. political B. cultural C. financial D. religious 22. A. start B. way C. head D. vote 23. A. allocating B. selling C. making D. tasting 24. A. campaign B. figure C. program D. technique 25. A. after B. while C. until D. since 26. A. lives B. gets C. passes D. judges 27. A. adopted B. hired C. noticed D. supported 28. A. gradually B. hopefully C. closely D. loosely 29. A. trees B. birds C. stars D. tents 30. A. pointed out B. ruled out C. sorted out D. brought out 31. A. wearing B. donating C. counting D. earning 32. A. satisfaction B. association C. combination D. fascination 33. A. engineering B. marketing C. teaching D. nursing 34. A. back B. head C. fund D. check 35. A. dream B. promise C. lesson D. standard 【答案】16. C 17. B 18. B 19. A 20. D 21. C 22. A 23. B 24. D 25. C 26. A 27. B 28. C 29. C 30. A 31. D 32. D 33. A 34. B 35. C 【解析】 这是一篇记叙文。Sylvia Acevedo 幼年时成为女童子军的一员。在一次露营中，队长发现她 对星星着迷，鼓励她学习科学。多年后，她获得了斯坦福大学的工程学硕士学位，随后成为 了 NASA 的科学家，并在 2016 年被任命为女童子军的 CEO。 【16 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她家里很穷，靠薪水过日子。A. large 大的；B. happy 幸福的； C. poor 贫穷的；D. close 亲密的。根据第一段中“From poverty to a rocket scientist to the CEO of the Girl Scouts”，可知 Sylvia Acevedo 出身贫困。故选 C 项。 【17 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在 Las Cruces 爆发的一场传染病几乎夺去了她妹妹的生命之后， 她的母亲把家搬到了另一个临近的地区。A. control 控制； B. outbreak （疾病等）突然 爆 发；C. symptom 症状；D. victim 受害者。根据“…nearly killed her younger sister” 可知，此 处指传染病“爆发”很严重。故选 B 项。 【18 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在 Las Cruces 爆发的一场传染病几乎夺去了她妹妹的生命之后， 她的母亲把家搬到了另一个临近的地区。A. project 项目； B. neighbourhood 临近的地区， 地区；C. schoolyard 校园；D. division 分区。Sylvia Acevedo 一家搬家应该是搬到另一个“地 方”。故选 B 项。 【19 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在她的新学校，一个同学说服她成为一名女童子军。A. convinced 说服；B. advised 建议；C. forced 强迫；D. allowed 允许。根据下文可知，Sylvia 参加了女 童子军，因此是同学“说服”了她。故选 A 项。 【20 题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：从那一刻起，她的生活呈现出一个新面貌。A. took up 占据，开 始从事；B. took in 收留，欺骗；C. took off （飞机）起飞，脱下；D. took on 呈现出，承担。 根据下文 Sylvia 参加女童子军后的经历可知，她的生活“呈现出”一个新面貌。故选 D 项。 【21 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：女童军的饼干义卖项目使女童具备了基本的金融方面的知识。 A. political 政治的；B. cultural 文化的；C. financial 经济的；D. religious 宗教的。根据下文 提到的“sales”可知，通过销售饼干，女孩们了解到基本的与“经济”有关的知识。故选 C 项。 【22 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：该行业的女性经常表示，她们是通过这个行业起步的。A. start 开始；B. way 方法；C. head 头；D. vote 投票。故选 A 项。此处 start 是名词，指“ (谋生、 事业等)开始，起步”。根据上文“The Girl Scout cookie program equips girls with basic 6 knowledge”中的“basic 6 knowledge”可推知，了解基本知识应该是“开始”。故选 A 项。 【23 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Sylvia Acevedo 挨家挨户地向所有的邻居们推销饼干。A. allocating 分配；B. selling 卖，销售；C. making 制作；D. tasting 品尝。根据下一句提到的“sales”可 知，女孩们是“销售”饼干。故选 B 项。 【24 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的团队队长给了她一个著名的销售技巧：如果你没有听过三次 “不”，你就不能离开销售现场。A. campaign 宣传活动；B. figure 数据；C. program 项目； D. technique 技巧。根据 you never leave the side of a sale ___10___ you’ve heard “no” three times 可推知，团队队长是告诉她销售“技巧”。故选 D 项。 【25 题详解】 考查连词词义辨析。句意：她的团队队长给了她一个著名的销售技巧：如果你没有听过三次 “不”，你就不能离开销售现场。A. after 在……之后；B. while 当……时候， C. until 直到； D. since 自从。根据本句中 never 可知，此处是短语 never…. until ，意思为“直到……才”。 故选 C 项。 【26 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：直到今天她还奉行那个著名的销售技巧。A.lives 居住； B.gets 得到； C.passes 通过；D.judges 判断。 lives by 以……为生；以……为行为准则；gets by 勉强应付；Casses by 经过； judges by 根据……判断。根据“ to this day”可知，此处指 现在她还以这个销售技巧为行为准则。故选 A 项。 【27 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：女童子军的经历从某种程度上来说帮助女孩子们受到聘用。A. adopted 收养；B. hired 雇佣，聘用；C. noticed 注意到；D. supported 支持。根据下文“... they have all those job skills...”可知，女孩们在女童子军中的经历对她们的工作技能有帮助。故 选 B 项。 【28 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：当她们获得不同的徽章，所有那些职业技能和她们所学的密切相 关。 A. gradually 逐渐地；B. hopefully 有希望地； C. closely 密切地；D. loosely 松散地。根 据上一句“The Girl Scout experience in a way got girls 12 ”可知，女孩们在女童子军中学到 的东西与她们后来的工作技能有密切相关。故选 C 项。 【29 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在一次野营旅行中，Acevedo 的团队队长看到她在仰望星空—— 她不知道有行星存在。A. trees 树木；B. birds 鸟儿；C. stars 星星；D. tents 帐篷。根据下一 句“ she didn’t know that there were planets”中的“planets”可知，她是抬头看着“星空”。 故选 C 项。 【30 题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：她的队长指出了北斗七星、小北斗七星和几个行星。A. pointed out 指出；B. ruled out 排除在外；C. sorted out 分类，整理；D. brought out 使显现出。根据上一 句中“she didn’t know that there were planets”，她不知道有行星，因此队长给她“指出”都 有些什么星星。故选 A 项。 【31 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来，当女孩们获得徽章时，Acevedo 的队长想起了她对星星的 着迷，建议她争取她的科学徽章。A. wearing 佩戴；B. donating 捐赠；C. counting 数；D. earning 赚取，赢得。根据上文“When they are earning different badges ( 徽章)… ”可知，是“赢得 徽章”，此处是词汇复现。故选 D 项。 【32 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：后来，当女孩们获得徽章时，Acevedo 的队长想起了她对星星的 着迷，建议她争取她的科学徽章。A. satisfaction 满意； B. association 联想，联系；C. combination 结合；D. fascination 入迷。根据上文“...her looking up at the ___14___—she didn’t know that there were planets.”可知，Acevedo 对星星很“着迷”。故选 D 项。 【33 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她后来在斯坦福大学获得了工程学硕士学位。A. engineering 工 程学；B. marketing 市场营销；C. teaching 教学；D. nursing 护理学。根据下一句的“then became a rocket scientist with NASA”可知，她学习的是工程学。故选 A 项。 【34 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，在 2016 年被任命为女童子军负责人。A. back 支持；B. head 作为……的领头人，带领；C. fund 资助；D. check 核对，检查。根据第一段中的“From poverty to a rocket scientist to the CEO of the Girl Scouts ( 女童子军) ”可知，她被任命为女童子军的 负责人。故选 B 项。 【35 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：女童子军教会她的是决心和适应力，从那以后，她也把那些课程 运用到生活中。A. dream 梦想；B. promise 承诺；C. lesson 课程，教训；D. standard 标准。 此处是指前文中提到“What the Girl Scouts taught her was determination and resilience(女童子 军教会她的是决心和适应力)”可知，此处指她把学到的“课程”运用到生活中。故选 C 项。 第二部分 阅读理解（共 20 小题：每小题 2 分,满分 40 分） 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中,选出最佳选项。 A Looking forward to something fantastic in hot summer? How about picnics filled with family and fun? We’ve come up with 4 of the top picnic areas across the US. Cumberland Islands, Georgia Just a few hours south of Savannah, this national seashore is a picnic paradise. It’s an unspoiled place in the Deep South with over 50 miles of hiking trails (小径). Covered in Spanish moss, the trails are lined with trees and since it’s still a rural area, the stars line up for a spectacular show at night and create the perfect evening starlit picnic opportunity. Grant Park, Chicago If you are looking for delicious food in Chicago, go for a taste of a 20day, lakefront, foodie festival that happens in October each year. Grab a spot near the fountain to enjoy your picnic, appreciate the city scenery and lake views and relax with family and friends. If you are there on July 4th, be sure to plan the day to include the fireworks display at the Navy Pier. Cranberry Islands, Maine Here, you’ll enjoy natural picnics with island views. The islands are a delightful group of islands about 20 minutes offshore from Acadia National Park. You can visit the islands by private boat or ferry (渡船) service. Bring a picnic basket along for the ride as it’s a romantic picnic area to take your special someone or go for a family outing to visit the islands. Big Sur, California The Point Lobos State Reserve is a small gem. Besides the coastal wildlife there are rare plant communities, and unique geological formations. It’s good to have a picnic there. We recommend bringing a telescope, because much of the wildlife can be seen only at a distance. 36. What are Cumberland Islands like? A. They are just next to Savannah. B. They have a spectacular show every night. C. They are almost covered in Spanish moss. D. They haven’t lost their naturalness. 37. Which of the following activities is recommended in the passage? A. Admire fireworks display on Independence Day in Grant Park. B. Bring a telescope and watch the starry night in Big Sur. C. Enjoy delicious food in foodie festival on July 4th in Grant Park. D. Grab a spot near the fountain and appreciate island views in Cranberry Islands. 38. Where can you enjoy observing wildlife with a telescope? A. At the Navy Pier. B. In the Deep South. C. At the Point Lobos State Reserve. D. At Acadia National Park. 39. Why does the author write this passage? A. To share personal stories about picnics. B. To offer readers tips for winter holiday. C. To introduce some picnic areas. D. To tell readers some good ways to relax. 【答案】36. D 37. A 38. C 39. C 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了美国的 4 个顶级野餐区的相关信息。 【36 题详解】 细节理解题。根据 Cumberland Islands,Gorgia 中的“It’s an unspoiled place in the Deep South with over 50 miles of hiking trails (小径).”这是 Deep South 未遭破坏的地方，有超过 50 英里的 远足小径。可知，这是一个未遭破坏的地方。所以 Cumberland Islands 并没有丧失它的自然 风光。故选 D 项。 【37 题详解】 细节理解题。根据 Grant Park, Chicago 中“If you are there on July 4th, be sure to plan the day to include the fireworks display at the Navy Pier.”如果在 7 月 4 日到那里，请务必计划好在海军码 头观赏烟花表演。可知文章建议独立日的时候在 Grant Park 欣赏烟花表演。故选 A 项。 【38 题详解】 细节理解题。根据 Big Sur, California 中“The Point Lobos State Reserve is a small gem. We recommend bringing a telescope, because much of the wildlife can be seen only at a distance.”洛 博斯角国家保护区是一块小宝石。我们建议带上望远镜，因为大部分野生动物只能在远处看 到。可知，Point Lobos 是评价很高的国家保护区。我们建议带上望远镜，因为大部分野生 动物只能在远处看到。所以在 Point Lobos 国家保护区可以享受用望远镜观察野生动物的乐 趣。故选 C 项。 【39 题详解】 推理判断题。由第一段“Dreaming of summer picnics filled with family and fun? We've come up with 4 of the top picnic areas across the US.”梦想着充满家庭和乐趣的夏季野餐？我们想到了 美国四大顶级野餐区。以及下文对于野餐区的详细说明。可推知作者写这篇短文的目的就是 要介绍一些野餐区。故选 C 项。 B My son is a disabled teenager. He is in and out of hospital and school. His learning disabilities and behavior issues are a barrier for him, and he is teased on campus. At home, he curses and punches me. He is on a waiting list for his disorder which contributes to his anxiety. Meanwhile, there are hospital appointments to manage, at least four consultants on the go, and an imminent（迫近的） transfer to adult services. The bureaucracy of caring keeps me busy. I used to work in the theatre industry but had to quit when my son kept getting excluded from school. I never expected that my life would turn out like this. But now, amazingly, I am doing a PhD at a Russell Group university, looking at nonwhite heroes and heroines in historical drama. It is fascinating: underrepresented characters! Hidden histories! Diversity! I am starting to win awards for my research and I feel like a success story. Almost. There’s just one problem: I can’t get funding. I keep missing out on studentships and scholarships. These awards—which are mainly funded by research councils or universities directly—are worth about ￡14,000－￡16,000 a year and usually include a fee waiver (saving a further￡5,000). That’s a lot of money. But the funding tends to go to students half my age with straightA academic results—not to people like me, who have taken an unusual path to academia. When I was turned down for the last studentship I applied for, I asked why. The decision maker—a professor in my department and the head of a research institute—told me “it all comes down to excellent academic results”． They don’t say this on the application forms: it’s all about the originality of your project, your research statement, your supervisor’s supporting statement, the expert group that considers you, the level of competition. But when it comes down to it, this is clearly what they want. Someone with my background is never going to get a studentship if the decisive criteria are undergraduate and master’s results. When I started my PhD and realized that I would need financial help, I went to the student advice office and told them that I am a carer. They asked what that meant and then offered me advice on benefits, but not funding. I went to the student union advice service—they referred me back to student advice. I went to the graduate school. Same response. I spoke to a vice dean and a supervisor. I had to tell them what a carer is. You get the picture. I was invisible. So, I gave up, decided to apply annually for the studentships and kept my parttime job. UCAS announced this year that young carers will now be able to identify themselves in their applications, so that universities will be able to support them. But how is this going to happen if staff at these institutions don’t even know what a carer is? The student welfare vicepresident at the union has finally agreed with me that carers are an undersupported and underrepresented group on campus. We are going to ask student records to add an option to the equality and diversity monitoring section, so that we can identify as carers and hopefully raise awareness. Wish us luck. 40. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE? A. Only undergraduates and masters can get the studentship. B. The writer shows great interest and enthusiasm in her academic research. C. In spite of her son’s illness, the writer continued to work to feed her family. D. The writer’s disabled son does not respect his mother. 41. According to the decision maker, the writer’s application for funding was turned down mainly because . A. she has a disabled son B. the bureaucracy of caring kept her busy C. her academic results were not good enough D. the competition was too fierce 42. What is the correct order of the following events? a. The author won awards for her research. b. The author spoke to a vice dean and a supervisor. c. The author decided to apply annually for studentships. d. The author started her PhD. A. cdba B. dcba C. cdab D. dabc 43. It can be inferred from the passage that . A. the writer likes reading success stories B. the university’s efforts to help carers are far from ideal C. the writer is a nonwhite woman D. carers are favored in the process of application and enrollment 44. The writer’s purpose is mainly to . A. call on more people to care about disabled teenagers B. inform the readers of a carer’s difficulties C. complain about the barriers she met in getting funding D. give advice on how to get a studentship 【答案】40. B 41. C 42. D 43. B 44. C 【解析】 这是一篇夹叙夹议类文体。作者因为要照顾残疾的儿子，被迫辞职。后来在一所大学读博士 做研究，需要资金支持。但是因为各种原因，一再遭到拒绝。作者认为在校园里，看护人是 一个没有得到充分支持的群体。作者希望能够提高人们的意识，关注和帮助看护人。 【40 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“It is fascinating:underrepresented characters！Hidden histories! Diversity!”这是令人着迷的：未被充分代表的的人物！神秘的历史！多样性的内容。中的 fascinating 可知，作者觉得研究历史剧中的非白人主角让她着迷，因此可以看出她对这项硏 究很感兴趣的，也充满了热情。故选 B 项。 【41 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段中“The decision maker. told me it all comes down to excellent academic results”可知，当作者申请学生奖学金被拒绝时，决策者告诉她说“这一切都归结于优秀的学 术成绩。”意在表明决策者认为她的学习成绩不够好。故选 C 项。 【42 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“ I am doing a PhD at a Russell Group university”，第四段中“ I am starting to win awards for my research.There’s one problem:I can’t get fund”第七段中“When I started my PhD and realized that I would need financial help.......I spoke to a vice dean and a supervisor.......So, I gave up, decided to apply annually for the studentships and kept my parttime job.”作者在一所大学读博士，并且她的研究开始获奖，但是她需要资助。在咨询了学生咨询 办公室和研究院后，都说不能解决资金问题。作者就去和副院长谈这个问题。然后还是放弃 了，决定每年申请一次学生奖学金，保留兼职工作。根据事情发生的先后顺序应是 dabc。 故选 D 项。 【43 题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文可知，作者因为要照顾残疾的儿子，被迫辞职。后来在一所大学读博 士做硏究，需要资金支持，但再遭到拒绝。根据文章倒数第二段中“UCAS announced this year that young carers will now be able to identify themselves in their applications, so that universities able to support them. But how is this going to happen if staff at these institutions don t even know what a carer is？”学院招生服务中心今年宣布，年轻的负责照顾小孩的人现在可以在申请中 表明自己的身份，这样大学就能支持他们。但如果这些机构的工作人员甚至不知道看护人是 什么意思，这怎么可能发生呢？和最后一段中“The agreed with me that carers presented group on campus”作者认为看护人在校园里是没有得到充分支持和代表性不足的群体。因此可以推 断，作者认为大学帮助看护者的努力距离理想还差得远。故选 B 项。 【44 题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文可知，作者因为要照顾残疾的儿子，被迫辞职。后来在一所大学读博 士做硏究，需要资金支持，但再遭到拒绝。第五段中提到 “When I was turned down for the last studentship I applied for”当我申请学生奖学金被拒绝，第六段中“Someone with my background is never going to get a studentship”像我这样背景的人是永远也得不到奖学金的。第七段中 “then offered me advice on benefits, but not funding”然后就福利问题给了我建议，但不是资金 问题。因此作者写这篇文章的主要目的是抱怨她在获得资金时遇到的障碍。故选 C 项。 C As John George remembers it, the Detroit neighborhood he grew up in was straight out of Frank Capra's It's a Wonderful Life. ''We knew all our neighbors,'' George, 60, told Detroit's Metro Times. ''On Christmas Eve, we'd all go to midnight Mass, and there would be 300 people in our house at one o'clock to about five in the morning. The folks were just really good, hardworking people. '' By the 80s, however, the old neighborhood was more Pottersville than Bedford Falls. Due in part to economic downturns and a nationwide drug epidemic (泛滥), wellkept homes had been abandoned and kindly neighbors had fled to the suburbs. But not George. ''Living in any city, it's like being in a relationship,'' he told Reader's Digest. ''Some days are better than others. But it was my home. And when I saw it deteriorating, I had two choices: I could leave, or I could stay and fight. I decided to stay and fight. '' When the abandoned home behind his turned into a crack den, the father of two grabbed some plywood and nails and began boarding up the house. After two neighbors stopped to ask what he was doing, they decided to help, with great results. ''When the drug dealers came back, they turned around and went home,'' says George. ''That's how it all got started. '' ''It'' is Detroit Blight Busters, or DBB, an organization of civicminded volunteers devoted to reviving the city they love, one abandoned house, one vacant lot, and one garbagestrewn park at a time. In the 30 years since that first home rescue, an army of approximately 182,000 volunteers, along with corporate and private donors, has helped George destroy around 300 abandoned homes, mostly in the poorer Northwest area of Detroit. They've also secured 400some homes by boarding them up, thus keeping bad actors out. They've painted and renovated nearly 900 homes and built over 100 from scratch. According to Forbes, more than 1,000 Detroiters have been housed as a result of DBB's work. ''I'm half Lebanese, half Italian, and 100 percent Detroit stubborn, '' George told nationswell.com. ''Once we get something in our heart and in our head, it's almost autopilot. '' But that was only the beginning. In 2003, George also breathed life into a dilapidated (破旧 的) square mile of Detroit by turning it into Artist Village, an area now filled with galleries, a performance space, community gardens, a coffee shop, and outdoor courtyards. Because this region of North Detroit was a food desert, George also persuaded a supermarket chain to move into the neighborhood. ''Blight is like a cancer: If you don't set upon it, it will spread,'' George told thehubdetroit.com. And then there's Halloween. In Detroit, October 30 was ruefully known as Devil's Night, a period when all hell would break loose in the form of crime and vandalism. In response, George created a citizens' patrol (巡逻队) that would take to the streets, keeping an eye on suspicious behavior. He called it Angels’ Night. What began with 12 neighbors on patrol in 1990 has grown to more than 60,000 citywide. George's inspired ideas have not gone unnoticed by the city he loves.''John wants to show that there is still something to Detroit. That it's still worth it,'' says real estate agent Robert LaBute. And others are buying into it.''We're seeing the trend of younger homeowners coming in.'' Is George proud of having boosted his onceailing hometown? You'd better believe he is. As he puts it: ''We are on the front porch of the greatest urban comeback story in this nation’s history. '' 45. Why was John George reluctant to leave Detroit? A. He wanted to save his city. B. He enjoyed a wonderful life. C. He stayed to fight against drugs. D. He got along with his neighbors. 46. What was the result of the first home rescue? A. An official organization was founded. B. A voluntary movement began with it. C. A better neighbor relationship was formed. D. The drug dealers mended their ways at last. 47. The data provided in Paragraph 5 suggest that ______. A. many people have been lifted out of poverty B. many abandoned homes have been destroyed C. DBB has done a lot to bring the city back to life D. the number of the volunteers has been increasing 48. What did John George do to revive the city of Detroit ? A. He transformed the city into an industrial area. B. He created a citizen's patrol to prevent crimes. C. He expanded investment in real estate business. D. He built a supermarket chain in the neighborhood. 49. According to the passage, John George can be described as ______. A. cautious and creative B. stubborn and ambitious C. proud and selfcentered D. strongwilled and inspiring 50. What's the best title for the passage? A. The Life of a Hero B. Detroit's Proud Tiger C. The Power of Devotion D. The Blooming of Detroit 【答案】45. A 46. B 47. C 48. B 49. D 50. B 【解析】 本文是一篇记叙文。John George 从小所生活的底特律市因为种种原因在八十年代变成了一 个越来越糟的地方。为了拯救这座城市，John George 做了很多事情，成为了这座城市的守 护神。 【45 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段的 And when I saw it deteriorating, I had two choices: I could leave, or I could stay and fight. I decided to stay and fight.(当我看到它恶化时，我有两个选择：要么离开， 要么选择留下来。我决定留下来战斗)可知，John George 留下来是为了拯救 Detroit 这座城市。 A. He wanted to save his city.(他想拯救他的城市)符合以上说法，故选 A 项。 【46 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段的 When the abandoned home behind his turned into a crack den, the father of two grabbed some plywood and nails and began boarding up the house. After two neighbors stopped to ask what he was doing, they decided to help, with great results.(当他身后的 那栋废弃的房子变成了一个快要倒塌的小屋时，两个孩子的的父亲抓起一些胶合板和钉子开 始给房子装上木板。两个邻居停下来问他在做什么，然后决定帮忙，结果很好)和 That's how it all got started.(事情就是这样开始的)可知，第一次和邻居一起拯救废弃的房子是一个志愿 者组织的志愿活动的开端。B. A voluntary movement began with it.(志愿者活动始于它)符合以 上说法，故选 B 项。 【47 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段的主要内容可知，作者列了很多 DBB 修复的房屋和其他建筑的数 据。由此推测，作者用那么多数据为了说明因为 DBB 的工作 Detroit 发生了很大的改变。C. DBB has done a lot to bring the city back to life(为了让这个城市恢复生机，DBB 付出了很多) 符合以上说法，故选 C 项。 【48 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第八段的 In response, George created a citizens' patrol that would take to the streets, keeping an eye on suspicious behavior.(作为回应，乔治创建了一个公民巡逻队走上街 头，密切关注可疑行为)可知，George 建立市民巡逻队是为了密切注视可疑的形迹，从而有 效阻止犯罪。B. He created a citizen's patrol to prevent crimes.(他创建了一个公民巡逻队来阻止 犯罪)符合以上说法，故选 B 项。 【49 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第六段的''I'm half Lebanese, half Italian, and 100 percent Detroit stubborn, '' George told nationswell.com. ''Once we get something in our heart and in our head, it’s almost autopilot. ''(“我一半是黎巴嫩人，一半是意大利人，百分之百的底特律人”乔治告诉 nationswell.com.“一旦我们心中和脑海中有了某种东西，它们就开始自动运行”)以及第九 段的 George's inspired ideas have not gone unnoticed by the city he loves.(乔治的创意并没有被 他所热爱的城市所忽略)可知，George 是一个有毅力并能激励人心的人。D. strongwilled and inspiring(意志坚定且鼓舞人心的)符合以上说法，故选 D 项。 【50 题详解】 主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，尤其是最后一段的 Is George proud of having boosted his onceailing hometown? You'd better believe he is. As he puts it: ''We are on the front porch of the greatest urban comeback story in this nation’s history. ''(乔治为振兴了他一度萎靡不振的家乡而 感到自豪吗？你最好相信他是。正如他所说：“我们正站在这个国家历史上最伟大的城市复 兴故事的前沿。”)可知，本文主要讲述了 John George 如何去拯救 Detroit 这座城市，并且 他为此感到很骄傲的故事。B. Detroit's Proud Tiger(底特律骄傲的老虎)可以作为本文标题， 故选 B 项。 D After the age of sixteen, as has been discovered, the number of our brain cells begins to decrease at a speed of several million a year. They simply die off. In certain types of activity, the human brain is at its highest point in the early twenties, when it has collected enough information to be able to use the vast number of cells freely in the most effective way. Pure mathematics is one of the fields in which this happens, and we know that Albert Einstein made all his worldshaking discoveries between the age of about 20 and 25, and spent the rest of his life tidying them up and arranging them. But in certain other types of activity (of which being an author is perhaps one), experience is more important than sharpness of brain, and there one usually finds that a person reaches his or her climax much later in life. Besides sharpness of brain and experience, here is another thing that is very important, and that is wisdom. One can have a very quick, inventive brain and plenty of experience, but if one uses these foolishly, one harms both oneself and others. Wisdom does not always come with age — there are plenty of foolish middleaged people about — but the average person tends to learn wisdom as he gets older, usually by making painful or embarrassing mistakes. Learning to be wise is basically learning what is not possible and what is possible but so difficult that it is not worth all the trouble one has to go through to get there. Mostly, it is learning about human nature; how real people behave and react, as against how one would like them to behave and react. One can read and hear lot of idealistic stuff about how to make the world a better place, which would be found if it was based on an accurate observation of human nature, but which is basically a waste of time because it is not. 51. According to the writer, the great discoveries made by Albert Einstein were mainly a result in . A. sharpness of the brain B. years of hard work C. rich experience D. his deep understanding of nature 52. Some people achieve success much later in life because_____. A. they have to learn lessons from failures B. they do not have a chance to show their talents C. their work often requires much experience D. they fail to realize earlier the importance of hard work 53. The importance of wisdom lies in the fact that . A. it helps to avoid various mistakes B. it contributes to one’s creativity C. it provides the right direction of efforts D. it encourages one to go forward in face of difficulty 54. The writer came to believe that . A. it is always a waste of time to make plans about the future B. one has to use wisdom in deciding what is the best thing to do C. one should always challenge the impossible to push the society forward D. it is human nature to make attempts on what looks impossible 【答案】51. A 52. C 53. C 54. B 【解析】 这是一篇议论文。本篇文章主要说明了人类的大脑在 20 岁左右于巅峰，在以后的成就多数 是因为需要丰富的经验。除了头脑敏锐经验丰富外，智慧也非常重要，因为智慧为人们提供 了正确的努力方向。人们要用智慧来决定做什么才是最好的。 【51 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“when it has collected enough information to be able to use the vast number of cells freely in the most effective way. Pure mathematics is one of the fields in which this happens，and we know that Albert Einstein made all his worldshaking discoveries between the age of about 20 and 25”人类大脑在 20 世纪初达到了最高点，那时它已经收集了 足够的信息，能够使用大量的细胞纯粹的数学是其中的一个领域，我们知道阿尔伯特•爱因 斯坦在 20 到 25 岁之间做出了他所有的惊天动地的发现。可知爱因斯坦的伟大发现主要是由 于 头脑敏锐。故选 A 项。 【52 题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“But in certain other types of activity (of which being an author is perhaps one)，experience is more important than sharpness of brain，and there one usually finds that a person reaches his or her peak much later in life”但是在某些其他类型的活动中（作为一 个作家可能是其中之一），经验比大脑的敏锐性更重要，人们通常会发现一个人在晚年生活 中达到了顶峰。可知有些人在晚年取得成功是因为他们的工作往往需要很多经验。故选 C 项。 【53 题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Wisdom does not always come with age — there are plenty of foolish middleaged people about — but the average person tends to learn wisdom as he gets older, usually by making painful or embarrassing mistakes. Learning to be wise is basically learning what is not possible and what is possible but so difficult that it is not worth all the trouble one has to go through to get there. Mostly, it is learning about human nature; how real people behave and react, as against how one would like them to behave and react. ” 智慧并不总是随着年龄的增长 而增长——有很多愚蠢的中年人——但普通人往往随着年龄的增长而学习智慧，通常是通过 犯痛苦或尴尬的错误。学习做一个明智的人基本上就是学习什么是不可能的，学习很可能但 又很困难的东西以至于不值得一个人为了达到目标而付出所有的努力。主要是了解人性;真 实的人的行为和反应，以及人们希望他们的行为和反应。由此判断出，智慧的重要性在于 它 提供了正确的努力方向。故选 C 项 【54 题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“ Learning to be wise is basically learning what is not possible and what is possible but so difficult that it is not worth all the trouble one has to go through to get there. Mostly, it is learning about human nature; how real people behave and react, as against how one would like them to behave and react. One can read and hear lot of idealistic stuff about how to make the world a better place, which would be found if it was based on an accurate observation of human nature, ” 学习做一个明智的人基本上就是学习什么是不可能的，学习很可能但又很困 难的东西以至于不值得一个人为了达到目标而付出所有的努力。主要是了解人性;真实的人 的行为和反应，以及人们希望他们的行为和反应。人们可以读到和听到很多关于如何让世界 变得更美好的理想主义的东西，如果对人类本性的准确观察就能发现这些东西。由此判断出 作者开始相信一个人必须用智慧来决定什么是最好的事情。故选 B 项。 第 II 卷 第一节 阅读表达（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分,满分 10 分） 阅读下面短文,并根据题目要求用英语回答问题（请注意问题后的字数要求）。 The way people hold to the belief that a funfilled, painfree life equals happiness actually reduces their chances of ever attaining real happiness. If fun and pleasure are equal to happiness, then pain must be equal to unhappiness. But in fact, the opposite is true: more often than not things that lead to happiness involve some pain. As a result, many people avoid the very attempts that are the source of true happiness. They fear the pain inevitably brought by such things as marriage, raising children, professional achievement, religious commitment and self improvement. Ask a bachelor why he resists marriage even though he finds dating to be less and less satisfying. If he is honest, he will tell you that he is afraid of making a commitment. For commitment is in fact quite painful. The single life is filled with fun, adventure and excitement. Marriage has such moments, but they are not its most distinguishing features. It more involves devotion and promises. Couples with infant children are lucky to get a whole night’s sleep or a threeday vacation. I don’t know any parent who would choose the word “fun” to describe raising children. But they will also attain the joys of watching a child grow up or of playing with a grandchild. Understanding and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is one of the most liberating realizations. It liberates time: now we can devote more hours to activities that can genuinely increase our happiness. It liberates money: buying that new car or those fancy clothes will do something to increase our happiness but they are temporary and far less effective than nourishing our dreams and hopes. And it liberates us from envy: we now understand that all those who are always having so much fun actually may not be happy at all. 55. What is the author’s opinion of true happiness? (no more than 10 words) 56. According to the author, why does a bachelor resist marriage? (no more than 10 words) 57. Please explain the underlined word “commitment” in English in Paragraph 3. (no more than 3 words) 58. What is the author’s opinion on raising children? (no more than 10 words) 【答案】55. True happiness involves some pain. 56. Because he is afraid of making a commitment. 57. Promise/Devotion. 58. It is a both challenging and rewarding job. 【解析】 本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了幸福的获得这一严肃话题，试图澄清人们在幸福问题上的一 些误解。 【55 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“But in fact, the opposite is true: more often than not things that lead to happiness involve some pain.”可知，但实际上，事实恰恰相反：导致幸福的事物往往会带 来一些痛苦。由此可知，作者对真正幸福的看法是，真正的幸福会有一些痛苦。故答案为 True happiness involves some pain. 【56 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“If he is honest, he will tell you that he is afraid of making a commitment.”可知，如果他是诚实的，他会告诉你他害怕做出承诺。由此可知，根据作者 的说法，单身人士抗拒婚姻是因为他害怕做出承诺。故答案为 Because he is afraid of making a commitment. 【57 题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第三段中“It more involves devotion and promises.”可知，它更多地涉及 奉献和承诺。由此可知，此处 commitment 的意思是 devotion“奉献”或者 promises“承诺”。 故答案为 Promise 或 Devotion. 【58 题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Couples with infant children are lucky to get a whole night’s sleep or a threeday vacation.”可知，带婴儿的夫妇睡一整夜或三天的假期就很幸运了。以及 “But they will also attain the joys of watching a child grow up or of playing with a grandchild.” 可知，但是他们也将获得看着孩子长大或与孙子一起玩耍的乐趣。由此可知，作者关于抚养 孩子的想法是，这是一项充满挑战和收获的工作。故答案为 It is a both challenging and rewarding job. 第二节书面表达（满分 15 分） 59. 假如你是天津一中高三（1）班的学生李津，瑞典友好学校的笔友 Chris 给你写信，询问 你升入毕业年级的近况，同时告诉你因为疫情的原因，原定今年十月份的来津学访计划不得 不推迟。请你给他写封回信，内容包括： 1）表达遗憾并邀请他合适的时候来津； 2）描述高三的生活（如日常作息、学习状态等）； 3）对于高三生活的初步感受和对未来的展望。 注意： 1）词数：100 词左右； 2）可以适当增加内容，以使行文连贯。 参考词汇： 新冠疫情 COVID19 Dear Chris, I’m very glad to hear from you. _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________ Yours, Li Jin 【答案】Dear Chris, I’m very glad to hear from you. I'm sorry that you can't come to Tianjin this October due to the epidemic. You asked me about my high school life in Senior Three, let me give you a short introduction . Generally speaking, life in high school is busy and fulfilling. It can’t be denied that study is my priority, I must spend most of my time and energy on it. We always have much homework and a large number of examinations. Life in high school makes us realize time is limited. However, I can get a sense of achievement when I make progress in study. The most important is that my friends bring much happiness to me and my teachers’ and parents’ care inspires me to go on. They are the person who grow with me. We believe that our future is very beautiful and wonderful. Looking forward to your coming some time in the future. Yours, Li Jin 【解析】 【分析】 本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求给朋友写一封回信。 【详解】第一步：根据提示可知，假如你是天津一中高三（1）班的学生李津，瑞典友好学 校的笔友 Chris 给你写信，询问你升入毕业年级的近况，同时告诉你因为疫情的原因，原定 今年十月份的来津学访计划不得不推迟。请你给他写封回信，内容包括：1）表达遗憾并邀 请他合适的时候来津；2）描述高三的生活（如日常作息、学习状态等）；3）对于高三生活 的初步感受和对未来的展望。 第二步：根据写作要求确定关键词（组），如：due to the epidemic, high school life, busy and fulfilling, my priority, homework and examinations, a sense of achievement, inspire, beautiful and wonderful. 第三步：根据提示和关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。本文以一般现 在时为主。 第四步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接和过渡，书写一定要规范清晰， 保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。 【点睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表 达方式，如 It can’t be denied that study is my priority, I must spend most of my time and energy on it. 运用了形式主语和主语从句；The most important is that my friends bring much happiness to me and my teachers’ and parents’ care inspires me to go on.运用了 that 引导的表语从句；They are the person who grow with me.运用了定语从句；We believe that our future is very beautiful and wonderful.运用了宾语从句。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能 力。另外，文章思路清晰，层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。