2020届人教版高考英语一轮复习必修三学案：Unit1Festivalsaroundtheworld

2020届人教版高考英语一轮复习必修三学案：Unit1Festivalsaroundtheworld

‎(一)课前自主学习 Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意 ‎1．ancestor n．　　　　　　 祖先；祖宗 ‎2．feast n. 节日；盛宴 ‎3．bone n. 骨；骨头 ‎4．carnival n．[纵联1] 狂欢节；(四旬斋前的)饮宴狂欢；嘉年华(会)‎ ‎5．parade n. 游行；阅兵；检阅 ‎6．worldwide adj. 遍及全世界的；世界性的 ‎7．parking n. (汽车等)停放 ‎8．wipe vt. 擦；揩；擦去 ‎9．weep vi.‎ n．[纵联2] ‎10．beauty n. 美；美人；美好的东西 ‎11．herd n. 牧群；兽群 ‎12．harvest n．&vt.&vi. 收获；收割 ‎13．blossom n. 花 vi. 开花 ‎14．drown vt.&vi. 淹没；溺死；淹死 Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形 ‎1．belief n. 信任；信心；信仰 ‎2．gather vt.&vi. 搜集；集合；聚集 ‎3．award n. 奖；奖品 vt. 授予；判定 ‎4．custom n．[纵联3] 习惯；风俗 ‎5．obvious adj. 明显的；显而易见的 ‎6．gain vt. 获得；得到 ‎7．forgive vt. 原谅；饶恕 ‎8．trick n.‎ vt.[纵联4] ‎9．fool n. 愚人；白痴；受骗者 vt. 愚弄；欺骗 vi. 干傻事；开玩笑 adj. 傻的 ‎10．remind vt. 提醒；使想起 Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变 ‎1．religious adj.宗教上的；信奉宗教的；虔诚的→religion n．宗教；宗教信仰 ‎2．arrival n．到来；到达；到达者→arrive vi.到达 ‎3．independence n．独立；自主→independent adj.独立的；自主的 ‎4．permission n．许可；允许→permit vt.允许n.通行证；许可证；执照 ‎5．apologize vi.道歉；辩白→apology n．道歉；歉意 ‎6．origin n．起源；由来；起因→original adj.原来的 ‎7．starve vi.&vt.(使)饿死；饿得要死→starvation n．饥饿；饿死 ‎8．celebration n．庆祝；祝贺→celebrate v．庆祝；祝贺 ‎9．energetic adj.充满活力的；精力充沛的；积极的→energy n．能量；精力 ‎10．sadness n．悲哀；悲伤→sad adj.悲伤的→sadly adv.伤心地；悲伤地[纵联5]‎ ‎11．agriculture n．农业；农艺；农学→agricultural adj.农业的；农艺的 ‎12．admire vt.赞美；钦佩；羡慕→admiration n．敬佩；钦佩；羡慕 纵联1.西方节日知多少？‎ ‎①carnival　　　　　　　　　 狂欢节 ‎②Easter (耶稣)复活节 ‎③Halloween 万圣节前夕 ‎④April Fool’s Day 愚人节 ‎⑤Thanksgiving Day 感恩节 ‎⑥Christmas Day 圣诞节 ‎⑦Valentine’s Day 情人节 纵联2.原型动词eep变为ept的不规则动词 ‎①weep→wept→wept ②keep→kept→kept ‎③sleep→slept→slept ④sweep→swept→swept 纵联3.单复数意义不同的名词小结 ‎①custom (风俗)→customs (海关)‎ ‎②manner (方式)→manners (礼貌)‎ ‎③paper (纸)→papers (文件)‎ ‎④art (艺术)→arts (文科)‎ ‎⑤arm (手臂)→arms (武器)‎ ‎⑥work (工作)→works (作品)‎ 纵联4.名词兼作动词 ‎①trick n．诡计；恶作剧；窍门→vt.欺骗；诈骗 ‎②fool n．愚人；白痴；受骗者→vt.愚弄；欺骗 ‎③nurse n．护士→vt.护理；照顾 ‎④head n．头→vi.前往 ‎⑤back n．后背→vt.支持 ‎⑥award n．奖；奖品→vt.授予；判定 纵联5.“悲喜”交加 ‎①sadness悲哀；悲伤 ②sorrow悲伤；悲痛 ‎③shock震惊；惊愕 ④depression沮丧；抑郁 ‎⑤happiness高兴 ⑥pleasure愉快 ‎⑦satisfaction满意；满足 ⑧delight快乐；乐事 单元话题——节假日活动 子话题1　中国节日 ‎①the Spring Festival 春节 ‎②the Dragon Boat Festival 端午节 ‎③the MidAutumn Festival 中秋节 ‎④Double Ninth Festival 重阳节 ‎⑤National Day 国庆节 ‎⑥Teachers’ Day 教师节 子话题2　节假日相关活动 ‎①ceremony n. 典礼；仪式 ‎②package n. 包；包裹 ‎③decorate vt. 装饰；布置 ‎④celebrate an anniversary 庆祝周年纪念日 ‎⑤exchange gifts 交换礼物 ‎⑥family reunion 家人团圆 ‎⑦attend a ceremony 出席仪式 ‎⑧on special occasions 在特殊场合 子话题3　节假日用品 ‎①decoration n．装饰品 ②balloon n．气球 ‎③firework n．焰火；(pl.)烟火 ④candle n．蜡烛 ‎⑤papercutting n．剪纸 ⑥dragon boat龙舟 ‎[学考对接·活学活用]‎ 高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词汇应用 ‎1．(2017·天津高考阅读B)Perhaps we all live in each others’ spaces. Perhaps this is what photos are for: __❶__ (remind) us that we all appreciate❷ beauty❸， that we all share a common desire for pleasure, for connection, for something that is greater than us.‎ ‎①用remind的适当形式填空：to_remind ‎②写出appreciate在本单元中的同义词：admire ‎③写出加黑词在句中的含义：美好的东西 ‎2．(2014·湖北高考阅读A)I believe❶ that if I had criticized him, the gate that was slowly opening would have shut firmly closed. He told me that the teacher didn’t let❷ him do what he knew well due to safety but asked him to do what he disliked ... He agreed and was quiet for a moment. Then he looked at me with tears in his eyes before quietly asking if he could go to find his teacher __❸__ (apologize)．‎ ‎①写出believe在本单元的同根名词：belief ‎②写出加彩词在本单元的同义词：permit，其同根名词为：permission ‎③用apologize的适当形式填空：to_apologize 高考采撷(二)　写作中的词汇应用 ‎(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)‎ ‎1．(2018·浙江高考写作)通过那次志愿活动，我不仅开阔了视野，而且获得了一些宝贵的经验。(gain)‎ From_that_voluntary_activity,_not_only_did_I_broaden_my_horizons_but_also_gained_some_valuable_experience.‎ ‎2．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)我坚信我的建议对你会有很大的帮助。盼望着早日收到你的来信。(belief)‎ I_hold_the_firm_belief_that_my_suggestions_will_be_of_great_help_to_you.I’m_looking_forward_to_hearing_from_you_as_soon_as_possible.‎ ‎(二)课堂重点释疑 ‎1．gain vt.获得；得到n.获利；利益 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)gain weight　　　　　　　　增加体重 gain sth. by/from ... 从……中获益 gain other’s respect/trust 获得别人的尊敬/信任 ‎(2)No pains, no gains. 不劳无获。‎ ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①To_gain_(gain) a deeper understanding of politics for his writing, he took a oneyear job in the city government.‎ ‎②She hopes to gain experience by/from working abroad for a year.‎ 单句改错 ‎③Just as the old saying goes, “No pains, no gain.”gain→gains ‎[用准]　在名言“不劳无获”中“pain, gain”常用复数形式。‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎④如果我们到国外旅行，我们可以拓宽视野，获得从书本上得不到的知识。‎ If_we_go_on_a_trip_abroad,_we_can_broaden_our_view_and_gain_knowledge_we_cannot_get_from_books.‎ ‎2．admire vt.赞美；钦佩；羡慕；欣赏；观赏 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)admire sb. for (doing) sth.　 因(做)某事而钦佩某人 ‎(2)admiration n. 钦佩；羡慕；敬佩 with/in admiration 钦佩地 express/have admiration for sb./sth.‎ ‎ 表达对某人/物的羡慕/钦佩 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①We admire the old scientist for his great contributions to the country.‎ ‎②I’d like to express my admiration (admire) for the courage and uncomplaining spirit of the firefighters.‎ ‎③Molly is_admired (admire) for her charming personality and remarkable ability.‎ 补全句子 ‎④I admire_the_fact_that he made such great progress in a short time.‎ 我很钦佩他在很短的时间内就取得如此大的进步。‎ ‎[用准]　‎ ‎(1)admire后不接双宾语或直接接that引导的宾语从句，但可接疑问词引导的从句。‎ ‎(2)admire后不接带不定式的复合结构，即不用admire sb. to do sth.，可用admire sb./sb.’s doing sth.。‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎⑤(2016·北京高考书面表达)说到中国著名的历史人物，我非常钦佩张骞。‎ When_it_comes_to_famous_figures_in_Chinese_history,_I_admire_Zhang_Qian_very_much.‎ ‎3．apologize vi.道歉；辩白 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)apologize to sb. for (doing) sth.‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　 因(做)某事向某人道歉 ‎(2)apology n. 道歉；辩白 make an apology to sb. for sth. 因某事向某人道歉 accept/refuse one’s apology 接受/拒绝某人的道歉 owe sb. an apology 应向某人道歉 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①(2017·天津高考)Respond quickly and briefly, apologizing for your mistake.‎ ‎②The headmaster demanded that you should apologize to her for your rudeness immediately.‎ 句型转换 ‎③The teacher made a suggestion that she should apologize to her deskmate for her bad behaviour.‎ ‎→The teacher made a suggestion that she should make_an_apology to her deskmate for her bad behaviour.‎ ‎[用准]　牢记apologize为不及物动词，为某事向某人道歉应用apologize/make an apology to sb. for sth.，不要忘记to。‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎④(2016·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)我应为星期五下午不能和你一起去书店向你道歉。‎ I_owe_you_an_apology_for_the_fact_that_I_cannot_go_to_the_bookstore_with_you_on_Friday_afternoon.‎ ‎4．remind vt.提醒；使想起 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事；使某人想起某事 remind sb. to do sth.　　　　　 提醒某人做某事 remind (sb.) that/how/what ... 提醒(某人)……‎ ‎(2)reminder n. 提醒人的事物；提醒 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①Please remind me to_write (write) an email to my mother tomorrow, for it’s her birthday.‎ ‎②Passengers are_reminded (remind) that no smoking is allowed on this train.‎ ‎③This photo album serves as a reminder (remind) of the most important moments of my life.‎ ‎[写美]　补全句子 ‎④老师的话让我想起了“有志者，事竟成”这句著名的谚语。‎ What the teacher had said reminded_me_of_the_famous_saying,_“Where there is a will, there is a way.”‎ ‎[联想]　常见的“v.＋sb.＋of sth.”短语还有：‎ ‎①cure sb. of sth.　　　　 治好某人的病 ‎②accuse sb. of sth. 控告某人某事 ‎③rob sb. of sth. 抢劫某人某物 ‎④inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事 ‎⑤convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事 ‎5．forgive vt.原谅；饶恕；宽恕；免除(债务)‎ ‎[记牢]‎ forgive me　　　　　　　　　 原谅我 forgive sb. sth. 原谅某人某事 forgive sb.for (doing) sth. 原谅某人(做了)某事 forgive one’s doing sth. 原谅某人做了某事 forgive and forget 不计前嫌 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①Forgive others and you will be_forgiven (forgive)．‎ ‎②Forgive me for interrupting, but I really don’t agree with that.‎ 熟词生义　写出加彩单词在语境中的含义 ‎③Believe it or not, I’ll forgive you the debt.免除 ‎[用准]　牢记forgive 的过去式和过去分词分别为：forgave; forgiven。‎ ‎[写美]　补全句子 ‎④众所周知，不计前嫌是一种美德，尤其是在这样一个充满竞争和压力的社会中。‎ As is known to us, it’s a virtue to_forgive_and_forget,_especially in such a competitive and stressful society.‎ ‎[联想]　表示“原谅某人(做)某事”的短语还有pardon/excuse sb. for (doing) sth.等。‎ ‎[词汇过关综合训练]　 ‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．Tom gained (获得) friendship and experience from the local residents, working with them for three years.‎ ‎2．He was awarded (授予) the first prize in the speech competition, which made his parents very proud.‎ ‎3．My father has much belief (信任) in doctors of traditional Chinese medicine.‎ ‎4．He insisted that I made him heartbroken and that I should make a sincere apology (道歉) to him.‎ ‎5．Everyone mustn’t take any photographs in the old temple without_permission (允许)．‎ ‎6．It was obvious (显而易见的) that the scene of the accident had been destroyed when the police arrived.‎ ‎7．As we all know, it is difficult to get used to another country’s customs (风俗)．‎ ‎8．The people_gathered (聚集) round, curious to know what was happening.‎ Ⅱ.单句语法填空 ‎1．Our class is planning to cycle the West Lake to watch the dragon boat race on May 30, when the Dragon Boat Festival is_celebrated (celebrate) nationwide.‎ ‎2．In addition, the more you work out, the more energetic (energy) you will become.‎ ‎3．Not having received the invitation to the party, little Tom wept (weep) yesterday.‎ ‎4．Now that you have begun to work, you should learn to be independent (independence) from your parents.‎ ‎5．He hurt me deeply and begged me to forgive him for his actions.‎ Ⅲ.单句改错 ‎1．Reminding to sort out the books, the boy set out to work.Reminding→Reminded ‎2．Be careful when crossing the bridge or you will fall into the water and get drowning.drowning→drowned ‎3．I’m writing this letter to express my apology for you for not writing you back in time.‎ 第一个for→to ‎4．Obvious, iPad is of great help to our study, especially to our English listening.‎ Obvious→Obviously ‎5．It’s obvious that the plants are starving with water.with→for Ⅳ.根据提示补全句子/一句多译 ‎1．同桌非常羡慕我流利的英语，我经常被他的赞美所鼓舞。(admire)‎ My deskmate admires_my_fluent_English_very_much and I usually feel encouraged by his compliments.‎ ‎2．没有人喜欢和他交朋友，因为他喜欢捉弄别人。(trick)‎ No one likes to make friends with him, because he likes_playing_a_trick_on_others.‎ ‎3．做完所有的工作后，我们竖起了布告牌提醒人们保护这些树木。(remind)‎ ‎①After getting all the work done, we put up a board reminding people to protect the trees.(分词作定语)‎ ‎②After getting all the work done, we put up a board which/that reminds people to protect the trees.(定语从句)‎ ‎(一)课前自主学习 ‎1．take_place　　　　　　 　　　 发生 ‎2．in_memory_of 　[串记1] 纪念；追念 ‎3．dress_up 穿上盛装；打扮；装饰 ‎4．play_a_trick_on [串记2] 搞恶作剧；开玩笑；诈骗 ‎5．look_forward_to 期望；期待；盼望 ‎6．day_and_night 日夜；昼夜；整天 ‎7．turn_up 出现；到场 ‎8．keep_one’s_word [串记3] 守信用；履行诺言 ‎9．hold_one’s_breath 屏息；屏气 ‎10．have_fun_with 玩得开心 ‎11．set_off 出发；动身；使爆炸；引起 ‎12．remind_..._of_... 使……想起……‎ ‎13．as_though 好像 ‎[同根短语串记]‎ 串记1.“in＋n.＋of”短语小结 ‎①in memory of　　 　 　　 纪念；追念 ‎②in favour of 赞同；支持 ‎③in honour of 向……表示敬意；为纪念……‎ ‎④in terms of 就……而言 ‎⑤in need of 需要 串记2.“搞恶作剧；开玩笑；愚弄”知多少 ‎①play tricks/a trick on 搞恶作剧；开玩笑 ‎②play jokes/a joke on 搞恶作剧；开玩笑 ‎③make a fool of 愚弄 ‎④make fun of 取笑；拿……开玩笑 ‎⑤laugh at 取笑；嘲笑 串记3.word相关短语全接触 ‎①keep one’s word 履行诺言 ‎②break one’s word 违背诺言 ‎③in other words 换句话说 ‎④in a/one word 总之 ‎⑤have a word with sb. 与某人交谈 ‎⑥have words with sb. 和某人吵架 ‎1．do harm to sb.　　 　 　 　　 给某人带来危害 ‎2．in the shape of 呈现某种形状；以某种形式 ‎3．decorate ...with ... 用……装饰……‎ ‎4．get together 聚会；聚集 ‎5．lucky money in red paper 红纸包着的压岁钱 ‎6．drown one’s sadness in coffee 用咖啡来解愁 ‎7．fall in love (with sb.) 与(某人)相爱；爱上(某人)‎ ‎1．At that time people would starve if food was_difficult_to_find,_especially during the cold winter months.‎ 在那个时代，如果食物难以找到，特别是在寒冷的冬月，人们就会挨饿。‎ ‎2．Some festivals are held to honour the dead or to satisfy the ancestors, who might return either_to_help_or to do harm.‎ 有些节日，是为了纪念死者，或者使祖先得到满足，因为祖先们有可能回到世上(给人们)提供帮助，也有可能带来危害。‎ ‎3．It_was_obvious_that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave ...‎ 很明显，咖啡馆的经理在等李方离开……‎ ‎4．While_she_was_on_earth she met the herd boy Niulang and they fell in love.‎ 当她在人间时遇到了牛郎，然后两人相爱了。‎ ‎[学考对接·活学活用]‎ 高考采撷(一)　完形中的短语和句式(补全句子)‎ ‎1．(2017·江苏高考完形填空)In his first years of high school, Gabriel would look pityingly at the music students, struggling across the campus with their heavy instrument cases, turning_up (出现) at school for practice hours before anyone else had to be there.‎ ‎2．(2018·江苏高考完形填空)It had also given me a choice, either to leave that page blank or to keep writing (或者留着那页空白或者继续写) the story with hope.‎ 高考采撷(二)　写作中的短语和句式(翻译句子)‎ ‎1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)总之，在中国你要入乡随俗。我的确希望你在朋友家玩得很开心。(have great fun)‎ In_brief,_do_as_the_Chinese_do_when_in_China._I_do_hope_you_will_have_great_fun_at_your_friend’s_home.‎ ‎2．(2017·北京高考书面表达)显而易见，“长江之行”将是更好的选择。(it作形式主语)‎ It_is_obvious_that_the_trip_along_the_Yangtze_River_will_be_a_better_choice.‎ ‎(二)课堂重点释疑 ‎[短语集释]‎ ‎1．look forward to期望；期待；盼望 ‎[记牢]‎ look around　　　　　　　 环视；参观 look down on/upon 轻视；瞧不起 look back (on) 回忆；回顾 look into 调查；向……里看 look out for 注意察看；留心 look through 仔细浏览；查阅 look up 查阅；抬头看 look up to 尊敬；钦佩 look forward 向前看 ‎[练通]　用look的相关短语填空 ‎①The kid is looking_forward_to being taken to the zoo this weekend.‎ ‎②As I saw the old photo, I always looked_back_on the scene where we had met.‎ ‎③Now, I want to answer your questions, but remember to look_out_for the red light.‎ ‎④He stood up and looked_forward to see what was going on outside.‎ ‎⑤It is wrong of you to look_down_on/upon the disabled in need.‎ ‎[用准]　在look forward to中，to为介词，其后要接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。look forward意为“向前看”，其后所接动词不定式表示目的。‎ ‎[写美]　补全句子 ‎⑥(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)如果你有任何问题，请不要犹豫，让我知道。期待你的早日答复。‎ Should you have any questions, please don’t hesitate to let me know. Looking forward to your early reply.‎ ‎2．turn up出现；到场；被找到；开大(音量)；调高(温度)；向上翻 ‎[辨清]　写出下列句中turn up的含义 ‎①Don’t worry. I’m sure your missing glasses will turn up sooner or later.被找到 ‎②I feel cold and I’d like to turn the heat up a little.调高 ‎③As the weather was too cold in the street, he turned up the collar of his coat.向上翻 ‎[记牢]‎ turn down　　　　　　　 拒绝；关小；调低 turn in 上交；拐入 turn out 结果是；证明是；生产；制造 turn over 翻身；移交；转变 turn off 关掉 turn to 求助于；转向 ‎[练通]　用turn的相关短语填空 ‎④(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)Some famous Chinese artists will turn_up and perform at the exhibition.‎ ‎⑤The hall was full, and hundreds of fans had to be turned_down.‎ ‎⑥The moment the bell rang, all the students turned_in their papers immediately.‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎⑦我经常向同学或老师求助。结果我在学习上取得很大进步。‎ I_often_turn_to_my_classmates_or_teachers_for_help.As_a_result,_I_have_made_great_progress_in_my_studies.‎ ‎3．set off出发；动身；使爆炸；引起 ‎[记牢]‎ set aside　　　　　　 留出；忽视；不顾 set about 着手/开始做……‎ set out 出发；开始做……‎ set down 写下；记下 set up 建立；安排；搭起 ‎[练通]‎ 用set相关短语填空 ‎①A great many boys were setting_off fireworks in the street during the Spring Festival.‎ ‎②For all three years I have been working for others, so I’m hoping I’ll set_up my own business someday.‎ ‎③Set_aside some time each day to practice speaking English, even if it is only five minutes.‎ 一句多译 他着手粉刷整间房子，但仅仅完成了前面部分。‎ ‎④He set_out_to_paint the whole house but finished only the front.(set out)‎ ‎⑤He set_about_painting the whole house but finished only the front.(set about)‎ ‎[用准]　set about表示“开始做……”，后接名词或动名词；set out表示“开始做……”，后接动词不定式。‎ ‎[写美]　补全句子 ‎⑥(2015·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)我们将在周六上午8：00出发去敬老院陪老人们过重阳节。‎ We will set_off_for_the_nursing_home at 8：00 am on Saturday to accompany the elderly for the Double Ninth Festival.‎ ‎[句式集释]‎ ‎1．It＋be＋adj.＋that ..., it为形式主语 ‎[教材原句]　It_was_obvious_that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave ...‎ ‎[悟拓展例句]‎ ‎(1)It_is_obvious_that without the help of the whole society, there would be no new school today.‎ 很明显，如果没有全社会的帮助就不会有今天的新学校。‎ ‎(2)It’s_a_pity_that you’ve missed such a good chance.‎ 你错过了这样一个好机会，真是遗憾。‎ ‎(3)It_is_generally_believed_that communication skills are becoming what it takes to be a good doctor.‎ 人们普遍认为沟通技巧正在成为作为一名好医生必备的技能。‎ ‎[析用法规则]‎ 用法归纳 ‎(1)It＋be＋形容词(possible, obvious, important ...)＋that从句 ‎(2)It＋be＋名词短语(a pity, a fact, a wonder, an honour, an idea, no wonder ...)＋that从句 ‎(3)It＋be＋过去分词(said, thought, believed, supposed, reported ...)＋that从句 注意事项 ‎(1)在句型“It is/was strange/important/necessary/essential ...＋that从句”中，从句常用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词为“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。‎ ‎(2)it作形式主语引导主语从句时容易和what引导的主语从句、which引导的定语从句混淆，使用时要细心体会三种句式的差别。‎ ‎[背写作佳句]‎ ‎(1)(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)I’m very delighted to know that you’re going to visit a Chinese family.It’s necessary that you (should) know about table manners of China.(开头句)‎ ‎(2)(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)It is true that this is a good chance for you to have a good knowledge of traditional Chinese culture.(要点句)‎ ‎(3)(2015·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)It is important that you (should) hand in your article before 28th, June.(总结句)‎ ‎2．while引导时间状语从句 ‎[教材原句]　While_she_was_on_earth she met the herd boy Niulang and they fell in love.‎ ‎[悟拓展例句]‎ ‎(1)While_I_was_looking_through the news online, up came a video of a lovely bear.‎ 当我在网上浏览新闻时，一个可爱小熊的视频出现了。‎ ‎(2)I like English while_my_little_brother_is_fond_of_maths.‎ 我喜欢英语然而我弟弟喜欢数学。‎ ‎(3)While_traveling_can_broaden_your_mind,_I don’t think it’s a good idea to spend too much time and money on it.‎ 尽管旅游能够增长见识，但是我认为在这方面花费太多的时间和金钱不是一个好主意。‎ ‎[析用法规则]‎ 用法归纳 ‎(1)while意为“当……的时候”，引导时间状语从句。‎ ‎(2)while意为“然而；可是”，用作并列连词，表示前后分句的对比。‎ ‎(3)while意为“虽然；尽管”，引导让步状语从句(从句常置于句首)表示转折。‎ 注意事项 while意为“虽然，尽管”时，与although, though 用法相同，不与but连用。‎ ‎[背写作佳句]‎ ‎(1)(2017·天津高考书面表达)While it has been more than a year since you taught us English, I’ve missed you a lot, thinking about those happy moments when we stayed with you.(要点句)‎ ‎(2)(2017·北京高考书面表达)While the students and teachers were watching the video, they were greatly touched.(要点句)‎ ‎[词块、句式过关综合训练]　 ‎ Ⅰ.选词填空 keep one’s word， dress up， in memory of， play a trick on， set off， take place， turn up， day and night ‎1．It is universally known that playing_a_trick_on the disabled is an impolite behavior.‎ ‎2．The evening party is scheduled to take_place on New Year’s Eve.‎ ‎3．In order to get ready for the examination, the students are studying day_and_night.‎ ‎4．If you want to make friends with others, you must keep_your_word.‎ ‎5．At the play, Mr. Green dressed_up as a policeman with dark glasses.‎ ‎6．We will build a monument in_memory_of those who sacrificed their lives for our country.‎ ‎7．Miss Yang promised to attend my birthday party, but she hasn’t turned_up so far.‎ ‎8．After saying goodbye to our friends, we set_off for European countries to spend our holiday.‎ Ⅱ.单句语法填空 ‎1．His favorite food is fried snacks and soft drinks. It is not surprising that losing weight is just his dream.‎ ‎2．She couldn’t make herself heard (hear) because of the traffic noise.‎ ‎3．Great changes have_taken (take) place in the school over the past three years, which deeply impresses me.‎ ‎4．The textbooks and dictionaries can be used as reference books while the magazines serve as reading materials.‎ ‎5．For most of students, the book is easy to_read (read)．‎ ‎6．When the girl is happy, she either sings or dances.‎ Ⅲ.分步写作 假定你是李华，中秋节来临之际，你代表你们班向你校外教James发出邀请，请他参加你们班组织的中秋节晚会，内容应包括如下要点：‎ ‎1．时间和地点；‎ ‎2．活动(赏月、品尝月饼等)；‎ ‎3．其他……‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ 参考词汇：阴历lunar calendar 第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点 本写作属于邀请信，时态主要为一般现在时和一般将来时，人称为第一人称。文章可从三个方面来构思：开头点明写信目的(举办庆祝会，邀请外教参加)；主体部分给出的要点比较宽泛，应细化处理。如介绍活动时可介绍赏月、品尝月饼等；最后表达希望，希望对方能够参加。‎ 要点1－①：我们班将于阴历8月15日晚8：00在演讲大厅举办庆祝会。‎ Our_class_will_hold_a_celebrating_party_in_the_lecture_hall_at_8：00_pm_on_the_fifteenth_day_of_the_eighth_month_of_our_Chinese_lunar_calendar.‎ 要点1－②：我写信邀请您参加庆祝晚会。‎ I’m_writing_to_invite_you_to_attend_our_celebrating_party.‎ 要点2－①：为这次晚会我们安排了各种各样的活动。‎ For_the_party_we_have_arranged_all_kinds_of_activities.‎ 要点2－②：我们将一起吃晚宴，在此期间我们将品尝月饼。‎ We_will_have_a_dinner_together_with_you,_during_which_we_will_enjoy_Chinese_mooncakes.‎ 要点2－③：我们将聚集在一起，欣赏美丽的满月。‎ We_will_get_together,_admiring_the_beautiful_full_moon.‎ 要点3：我期望您来参加！‎ I’m_looking_forward_to_your_coming!‎ 第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼 为了使内容更充实，我们需要对要点进行适度拓展，补充同位语、状语或使用高级句式(定语从句等)，让要点在内容上和形式上更丰满。要点1－①可用名词短语作同位语拓展介绍中秋节的重要性；要点1－②可以增加“非常荣幸代表我们班”；要点2可补充“我坚信在晚会上我们将玩得很开心”；要点3用邀请信结尾的固定句型：I’d appreciate it if ...使表达耳目一新。‎ 拓展要点1－①：随着中秋节，中国最重要的传统节日之一，即将来临，我们班将于阴历8月15日晚8：00在演讲大厅举办庆祝会。(as，名词短语作同位语)‎ As_the_MidAutumn_Festival,_one_of_the_most_important_traditional_festivals_in_China,_is_approaching,_our_class_will_hold_a_celebrating_party_in_the_lecture_hall_at_‎ ‎8：00_pm_on_the_fifteenth_day_of_the_eighth_month_of_our_Chinese_lunar_calendar.‎ 拓展要点1－②：非常荣幸代表我们班写信邀请您参加它。(on behalf of)‎ It’s_a_great_honour_to_write_to_invite_you_to_attend_it_on_behalf_of_our_class.‎ 补充要点2：我坚信在晚会上我们将玩得很开心。(belief)‎ I_hold_the_firm_belief_that_we_will_have_great_fun_at_the_party.‎ 拓展要点3：在您方便的时候给我回信我将感激不尽。我期望您来参加！(appreciate, convenience)‎ I’d_appreciate_it_if_you_could_reply_to_me_at_your_earliest_convenience.I’m_looking_forward_to_your_coming!‎ 第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡 本篇写作整体可采用“三段式”作文结构。根据语篇表达中的逻辑关系，可在介绍活动安排时添加连接词 at the beginning， what’s more， as a consequence巧妙地将要点衔接起来，让文章显得顺畅自然。‎ Dear_Professor_James，‎ As_the_MidAutumn_Festival,_one_of_the_most_important_traditional_festivals_in_China,_is_approaching,_our_class_will_hold_a_celebrating_party_in_the_lecture_hall_at_8：00_pm_on_the_fifteenth_day_of_the_eighth_month__of_our_Chinese_lunar_calendar._It’s_a_great_honour_to_write_to_invite_you_to_attend_it_on_behalf_of_our_class.‎ For_the_party_we_have_arranged_all_kinds_of_activities.At_the_beginning,_we_will_have_a_dinner_together_with_you,_during_which_we_will_enjoy_Chinese_mooncakes.What’s_more,_we_will_get_together,_admiring_the_beautiful_full_moon.As_a_consequence,_I_hold_the_firm_belief_that_we_will_have_great_fun_at_the_party.‎ I’d_appreciate_it_if_you_could_reply_to_me_at_your_earliest_convenience.I’m_looking_forward_to_your_coming!‎ Yours，‎ Li_Hua 理清文体结构之(十一)　说明文之事物类——抓说明对象，根据事物特点巧解题 事物类说明文一般在首段给出说明对象，然后从几个方面对事物进行客观说明。因此，该类文章的行文结构一般较为简单，阅读时不要拘泥于细枝末节，浏览完全文后，带着题干中的关键词，再次跳读原文查找答案出处，认真比对，从而得出正确答案。‎ ‎[抓事物特点]‎ ‎[高考典例]　2018·天津卷·C篇 ‎[读文解题技法]‎ 点明 说明 对象 ‎[1]There’s a new frontier in 3D printing that’s beginning to come into focus: food. Recent development has made possible machines that print,‎ ‎1.读首段抓说明对象 特点1‎ 特点2‎ 关键词 特点3‎ 特点4‎ ‎ cook, and serve foods on a mass scale. And the industry isn’t stopping there.‎ Food production ‎[2]With a 3D printer, a cook can print complicated chocolate sculptures and beautiful pieces for decoration on a wedding cake. Not everybody can do that — it takes years of experience, but a printer makes it easy. A restaurant in Spain uses a Foodini to “recreate forms and pieces” of food that are “exactly the same，” freeing cooks to complete other tasks. In another restaurant, all of the dishes and desserts it serves are 3Dprinted, rather than farm to table.‎ Sustainability (可持续性)‎ ‎[3]The global population is expected to grow to 9.6 billion by 2050, and some analysts estimate that food production will need to be raised by 50 percent to maintain current levels. Sustainability is becoming a necessity. 3D food printing could probably contribute to the solution. Some experts believe printers could use hydrocolloids (水解胶体) from plentiful renewables like algae (藻类) and grass to replace the familiar ingredients (烹饪原料).3D printing can reduce fuel use and emissions. Grocery stores of the future might stock “food” that lasts years on end, freeing up shelf space and reducing transportation and storage requirements.‎ Nutrition ‎[4]Future 3D food printers could make processed food healthier. Hod Lipson, a professor at Columbia University, said, “Food printing could allow consumers to print food with customized nutritional content, like vitamins. So instead of eating a piece of yesterday’s bread from the supermarket, you’d eat something baked just for you on demand.”‎ Challenges ‎[5]Despite recent advancements in 3D food printing, ‎ 本文在首段首句介绍了3D打印技术的新领域——打印食物。‎ ‎2.览标题，看行文结构 本文从Food production, Sustainability, Nutrition, Challenges 四个方面介绍了3D打印食物的优缺点。‎ ‎3.标题眼，找特点，比对定答案 标出题干中的关键词，再次跳读原文，查找事物特点，认真比对，得出答案。‎ the industry has many challenges to overcome. Currently, most ingredients must be changed to a paste (糊状物) before a printer can use them, and the printing process is quite timeconsuming, because ingredients interact with each other in very complex ways. On top of that, most of the 3D food printers now are restricted to dry ingredients, because meat and milk products may easily go bad. Some experts are skeptical about 3D food printers, believing they are better suited for fast food restaurants than homes and highend restaurants.‎ ‎[由题眼找特点，比对定答案]‎ ‎46．What benefit does 3D printing bring to ？‎ A．It helps cooks to create new dishes.‎ B．It saves time and effort in cooking.‎ C．It improves the cooking conditions.‎ D．It contributes to restaurant decorations.‎ ‎47．What can we learn about 3D food printing from ？‎ A．It solves food shortages easily.‎ B．It quickens the transportation of food.‎ C．It needs no space for the storage of food.‎ D．It uses renewable materials as sources of food.‎ ‎48．According to ， 3Dprinted food________.‎ A．is more available to consumers B．can meet individual nutritional needs C．is more tasty than food in supermarkets D．can keep all the nutrition in raw materials ‎[答案]　46.B　47.D　48.B ‎46．根据题干中的关键词语food production可定位到“特点1”，认真比对，可得出答案。‎ ‎47．第三段的标题(特点2)“可持续性”暗含了3D打印机的材料应是可再生的，再据关键词“renewables”便可确定答案。‎ ‎48．根据第四段中的“特点3”可推知答案。‎